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Renewable investments in hybridised energy markets: optimising the CfD-merchant revenue mix

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  • Gohdes, N.Nicholas
  • Simshauser,P.
  • Wilson, C.

Abstract

Energy markets were designed to maximise productive, allocative and dynamic efficiency. Although renewables have become the dominant investment in deregulated energy markets, decarbonisation may not proceed at a pace consistent with the aspirations of policymakers. This has led governments in a number of jurisdictions to prime markets through ‘Contracts for- Differences' (CfDs) or Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), thus bringing forward investment and decarbonisation efforts. The war in Ukraine and its adverse impact on energy prices only emphasises a sense of urgency on an energy security dimension. Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) projects in Australia are typically underpinned by run-of-plant PPAs, but an emerging trend has been rising number of semi-merchant projects whereby some level of spot market exposure is retained. In this article, we examine how and why the semi-merchant investment model has arisen along with the minimum contracted coverage for a bankable project financing. Results reveal for investors with a target of 60-65% debt within the capital structure, a revenue mix comprising 73-78% PPA coverage and 22-27% merchant plant exposure is viable and a tractable project financing. For policymakers seeking to elicit 5000 MW of VRE plant capacity, the auction need only offer ~3800MW of CfD's capacity, which has the benefit of reducing taxpayer exposures (cf. on-market transactions).

Suggested Citation

  • Gohdes, N.Nicholas & Simshauser,P. & Wilson, C., 2023. "Renewable investments in hybridised energy markets: optimising the CfD-merchant revenue mix," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2334, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    • Handle: RePEc:cam:camdae:2334
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    Keywords

    PPAs; Renewable Energy; Counterparty Credit; Project Finance; Cost of Capital;
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