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Carbon Price versus Subsidies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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  • John Freebairn

Abstract

type="main" xml:id="ecpa12082-abs-0001"> This paper describes the operation of a price and a subsidy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and it compares and contrasts efficiency, redistribution and transactions costs of the two options. An initial comparison assumes comprehensive bases and negligible transaction costs. Then, actual examples for Australia are assessed, namely the carbon tax of 2012–2014 and the proposed Direct Action plan under consideration for 2015. It is argued that the price intervention option will be more cost effective per unit of GHG reduction, that it will be simpler and easier to operate, and that as part of a budget package it can provide at least as good a net distribution outcome.

Suggested Citation

  • John Freebairn, 2014. "Carbon Price versus Subsidies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Economic Papers, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 33(3), pages 233-242, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:econpa:v:33:y:2014:i:3:p:233-242
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/ecpa.2014.33.issue-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Nicholas Gohdes & Paul Simshauser & Clevo Wilson, 2023. "Renewable investments in hybridised energy markets: optimising the CfD-merchant revenue mix," Working Papers EPRG2306, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    2. Tim Nelson & Tahlia Nolan & Joel Gilmore, 2022. "What’s next for the Renewable Energy Target – resolving Australia’s integration of energy and climate change policy?," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 66(1), pages 136-163, January.
    3. Paul J. Burke, 2016. "Undermined by Adverse Selection: Australia's Direct Action Abatement Subsidies," Economic Papers, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 35(3), pages 216-229, September.
    4. Simshauser, Paul, 2021. "Renewable Energy Zones in Australia's National Electricity Market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    5. Simshauser, Paul, 2019. "Missing money, missing policy and Resource Adequacy in Australia's National Electricity Market," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Gohdes, Nicholas & Simshauser, Paul & Wilson, Clevo, 2022. "Renewable entry costs, project finance and the role of revenue quality in Australia's National Electricity Market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    7. Meng, Xianming & Siriwardana, Mahinda & McNeill, Judith, 2015. "Will the direct action plan work?," Conference papers 332602, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    8. McFadzean-Lodge, Liam, 2023. "Market-Based Approaches to Achieve Australia’s Emissions Reduction Targets," Warwick-Monash Economics Student Papers 60, Warwick Monash Economics Student Papers.
    9. Tracey Dodd & Tim Nelson, 2019. "Trials and tribulations of market responses to climate change: Insight through the transformation of the Australian electricity market," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 44(4), pages 614-631, November.
    10. Nelson, Tim & Pascoe, Owen & Calais, Prabpreet & Mitchell, Lily & McNeill, Judith, 2019. "Efficient integration of climate and energy policy in Australia’s National Electricity Market," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 178-193.
    11. Simshauser, Paul, 2018. "Garbage can theory and Australia's National Electricity Market: Decarbonisation in a hostile policy environment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 697-713.
    12. Simshauser, Paul, 2018. "Price discrimination and the modes of failure in deregulated retail electricity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 54-70.
    13. Tim Nelson & Stephanie Bashir & Eleanor McCracken-Hewson & Michael Pierce, 2017. "The Changing Nature of the Australian Electricity Industry," Economic Papers, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 36(2), pages 104-120, June.
    14. Paul Simshauser & Joel Gilmore, 2020. "Is the NEM broken? Policy discontinuity and the 2017-2020 investment megacycle," Working Papers EPRG2014, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    15. McNeill, Judith, 2015. "A review of the economic modelling on the impacts of the Australian carbon tax," Conference papers 332598, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    16. Nong, Duy & Siriwardana, Mahinda, 2017. "Australia’s Emissions Reduction Fund in an international context," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 123-134.
    17. Simshauser, P., 2021. "Renewable Energy Zones in Australia’s National Electricity Market," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2119, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    18. Gohdes, Nicholas & Simshauser, Paul & Wilson, Clevo, 2023. "Renewable investments, hybridised markets and the energy crisis: Optimising the CfD-merchant revenue mix," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    19. Tran, Trang, 2015. "The Distributional and Welfare Effects of the Australian Emissions Trading Scheme," Conference papers 332652, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    20. Simshauser, Paul & Gilmore, Joel, 2022. "Climate change policy discontinuity & Australia's 2016-2021 renewable investment supercycle," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).

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