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Re-visiting the Relationship Between Oil Prices and Monetary Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Hilde C. Bjørnland

  • Jamie L. Cross

  • Jonas Hölz

Abstract

This paper examines how central banks respond to supply-side shocks and investigates the trade-offs they face in stabilizing inflation and output. To do so we develop a dual external instrument proxy structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model to disentangle the macroeconomic effects of oil supply news and monetary policy shocks. Our identification strategy, which combines multiple external instruments with sign restrictions, enables a sharp distinction between structural shocks, allowing us to analyze their dynamic effects and construct policy counterfactuals for different central bank objectives. We find that both oil supply and monetary policy shocks significantly influence U.S. output and inflation. Moreover, while monetary policy can mitigate some of the output losses caused by oil price shocks, it cannot fully offset their inflationary effects. Finally, we estimate that the Federal Reserve’s historical response aligns.

Suggested Citation

  • Hilde C. Bjørnland & Jamie L. Cross & Jonas Hölz, 2025. "Re-visiting the Relationship Between Oil Prices and Monetary Policy," Working Papers No 04/2025, Centre for Applied Macro- and Petroleum economics (CAMP), BI Norwegian Business School.
    • Handle: RePEc:bny:wpaper:0139
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    File URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3188513
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