IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bis/biswps/701.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Mapping shadow banking in China: structure and dynamics

Author

Listed:
  • Torsten Ehlers
  • Steven Kong
  • Feng Zhu

Abstract

We develop a stylised shadow banking map for China with the aim of providing a coherent picture of its structure and the associated financial system interlinkages. Five key characteristics emerge. One defining feature of the shadow banking system in China is the dominant role of commercial banks, true to the adage that shadow banking in China is the "shadow of the banks". Moreover, it differs from shadow banking in the United States in that securitisation and market-based instruments play only a limited role. With a series of maps we show that the size and dynamics of shadow banking in China have been changing rapidly. This reveals a marked shift in the relative importance of different shadow banking activities. New and more complex "structured" shadow credit intermediation has emerged and quickly reached a large scale, while the bond market has become highly dependent on funding channelled through wealth management products. As a result, the structure of shadow banking in China is growing more complex.

Suggested Citation

  • Torsten Ehlers & Steven Kong & Feng Zhu, 2018. "Mapping shadow banking in China: structure and dynamics," BIS Working Papers 701, Bank for International Settlements.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:701
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work701.pdf
    File Function: Full PDF document
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work701.htm
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Dollar & Shang-Jin Wei, 2007. "Das (Wasted) Kapital: Firm Ownership and Investment Efficiency in China," IMF Working Papers 2007/009, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Li, Jianjun & Hsu, Sara, 2012. "Shadow banking in China," MPRA Paper 39441, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Chen, Zhuo & He, Zhiguo & Liu, Chun, 2020. "The financing of local government in China: Stimulus loan wanes and shadow banking waxes," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(1), pages 42-71.
    4. Mr. Stijn Claessens & Mr. Lev Ratnovski, 2014. "What is Shadow Banking?," IMF Working Papers 2014/025, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Markus K. Brunnermeier, 2009. "Deciphering the Liquidity and Credit Crunch 2007-2008," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 23(1), pages 77-100, Winter.
    6. Bakk-Simon, Klára & Borgioli, Stefano & Giron, Celestino & Hempell, Hannah Sabine & Maddaloni, Angela & Recine, Fabio & Rosati, Simonetta, 2012. "Shadow banking in the Euro area: an overview," Occasional Paper Series 133, European Central Bank.
    7. Fiorella De Fiore & Harald Uhlig, 2015. "Corporate Debt Structure and the Financial Crisis," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(8), pages 1571-1598, December.
    8. Allen N. Berger & Anil K. Kashyap & Joseph M. Scalise, 1995. "The Transformation of the U.S. Banking Industry: What a Long, Strange Trips It's Been," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 26(2), pages 55-218.
    9. Chang-Tai Hsieh & Peter J. Klenow, 2009. "Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 124(4), pages 1403-1448.
    10. Tong Li, 2014. "Shadow banking in China: expanding scale, evolving structure," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 6(3), pages 198-211, July.
    11. Lu, Yunlin & Guo, Haifeng & Kao, Erin H. & Fung, Hung-Gay, 2015. "Shadow banking and firm financing in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 40-53.
    12. Zheng Song & Kjetil Storesletten & Fabrizio Zilibotti, 2011. "Growing Like China," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(1), pages 196-233, February.
    13. Emily Perry & Florian Weltewitz, 2015. "Wealth Management Products in China," RBA Bulletin (Print copy discontinued), Reserve Bank of Australia, pages 59-68, June.
    14. Li, Jianjun & Hsu, Sara & Qin, Yanzhi, 2014. "Shadow banking in China: Institutional risks," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 119-129.
    15. HyunSong Shin, 2009. "Securitisation and Financial Stability," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 119(536), pages 309-332, March.
    16. R. Alton Gilbert, 1986. "Requiem for Regulation Q: what it did and why it passed away," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Feb, pages 22-37.
    17. Gary Gorton & Stefan Lewellen & Andrew Metrick, 2012. "The Safe-Asset Share," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(3), pages 101-106, May.
    18. Bakk-Simon, Klára & Borgioli, Stefano & Giron, Celestino & Hempell, Hannah S. & Maddaloni, Angela & Recine, Fabio & Rosati, Simonetta, 2012. "Shadow banking in the Euro area: an overview," Occasional Paper Series 133, European Central Bank.
    19. Nicholas Borst, 2013. "Shadow Deposits as a Source of Financial Instability: Lessons from the American Experience for China," Policy Briefs PB13-14, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
    20. Acharya, Viral V. & Cooley, Thomas & Richardson, Matthew & Walter, Ingo, 2010. "Manufacturing Tail Risk: A Perspective on the Financial Crisis of 2007–2009," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 4(4), pages 247-325, April.
    21. Meghana Ayyagari & Asli Demirgüç-Kunt & Vojislav Maksimovic, 2010. "Formal versus Informal Finance: Evidence from China," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(8), pages 3048-3097, August.
    22. Galina Hale & Cheryl Long, 2010. "What are the Sources of Financing of the Chinese Firms?," Working Papers 192010, Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research.
    23. Kaiji Chen & Jue Ren & Tao Zha, 2016. "What we learn from China's rising shadow banking: exploring the nexus of monetary tightening and banks' role in entrusted lending," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 2016-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
    24. Raghuram G. Rajan, 2005. "Has financial development made the world riskier?," Proceedings - Economic Policy Symposium - Jackson Hole, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Aug, pages 313-369.
    25. Kate McLoughlin & Jessica Meredith, 2017. "The Rise of Chinese Money Market Funds," RBA Bulletin (Print copy discontinued), Reserve Bank of Australia, pages 75-84, March.
    26. Acharya, Viral V. & Khandwala, Hemal & Sabri Öncü, T., 2013. "The growth of a shadow banking system in emerging markets: Evidence from India," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 207-230.
    27. Mr. Manmohan Singh & Mr. Zoltan Pozsar, 2011. "The Nonbank-Bank Nexus and the Shadow Banking System," IMF Working Papers 2011/289, International Monetary Fund.
    28. Jinghan Cai & Alicia Garcia-Herrero & Le Xia, 2015. "China’s shadow banking sector: Arbitrage, window-dressing and wealth management products," Working Papers 1530, BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xu Feng & Xiaowen An & Yahui An & Yajun Xiao, 2024. "Shadow Funding and Economic Growth: Evidence from China," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 56(2-3), pages 589-611, March.
    2. An, Ping & Yu, Mengxuan, 2018. "Neglected part of shadow banking in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 211-236.
    3. Shaghil Ahmed & Ricardo Correa & Daniel A. Dias & Nils M. Gornemann & Jasper Hoek & Anil K. Jain & Edith X. Liu & Anna Wong, 2019. "Global Spillovers of a China Hard Landing," International Finance Discussion Papers 1260, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    4. Ding, Sai & Guariglia, Alessandra & Knight, John, 2013. "Investment and financing constraints in China: Does working capital management make a difference?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1490-1507.
    5. Beck, Günter Wilfried & Kotz, Hans-Helmut, 2016. "Euro area shadow banking activities in a low-interest-rate environment: A flow-of-funds perspective," SAFE White Paper Series 37, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    6. Martin Hodula & Martin Macháček & Aleš Melecký, . "Placing the Czech Shadow Banking Sector under the Light," Prague Economic Papers, University of Economics, Prague, vol. 0, pages 1-25.
    7. Ridoy Deb Nath & Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous Chowdhury, 2021. "Shadow banking: a bibliometric and content analysis," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-29, December.
    8. Shuonan Zhang, 2024. "State‐owned enterprises and entrusted lending: Economic growth and business cycles in China," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 62(1), pages 197-222, January.
    9. Yi Huang & Marco Pagano & Ugo Panizza, 2020. "Local Crowding‐Out in China," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(6), pages 2855-2898, December.
    10. Song, Zheng (Michael) & Xiong, Wei, 2018. "Risks in China’s financial system," BOFIT Discussion Papers 1/2018, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition.
    11. Si, Deng-Kui & Wan, Shen & Li, Xiao-Lin & Kong, Dongmin, 2022. "Economic policy uncertainty and shadow banking: Firm-level evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    12. Jo, Yonghwan & Kim, Jihee & Santos, Francisco, 2022. "The impact of liquidity risk in the Chinese banking system on the global commodity markets," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 23-50.
    13. repec:zbw:bofitp:2018_001 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Hou, Xiaohui & Li, Shuo & Guo, Pin & Wang, Qing, 2018. "The cost effects of shadow banking activities and political intervention: Evidence from the banking sector in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 307-318.
    15. Chen, Zhuo & He, Zhiguo & Liu, Chun, 2020. "The financing of local government in China: Stimulus loan wanes and shadow banking waxes," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(1), pages 42-71.
    16. Wei, Xin & Liu, Xi & Zhang, Xueyong, 2022. "Shadow banking and the cross-section of stock returns," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    17. Riccardo De Bonis & Matteo Piazza, 2021. "A silent revolution. How central bank statistics have changed in the last 25 years," PSL Quarterly Review, Economia civile, vol. 74(299), pages 347-371.
    18. Helmut K. Anheier & Robert Falkner & Alanna Krolikowski, 2017. "Brittle China? Economic and Political Fragility with Global Implications," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 8(s4), pages 42-53, June.
    19. Cubizol, Damien, 2018. "Transition and capital misallocation: the Chinese case," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 88-115.
    20. Wu, Meng-Wen & Shen, Chung Hua, 2019. "Effects of shadow banking on bank risks from the view of capital adequacy," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 176-197.
    21. Chen, Zhao & Poncet, Sandra & Xiong, Ruixiang, 2020. "Local financial development and constraints on domestic private-firm exports: Evidence from city commercial banks in China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 56-75.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    shadow banking; wealth management products (WMPs); investment receivables; entrusted loans; trust loans;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:701. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Christian Beslmeisl (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bisssch.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.