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The Cyclical Behavior of Bank Capital Buffers in an Emerging Economy: Size Does Matter

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  • Andrés Felipe García-Suaza
  • José E. Gómez-González
  • Andrés Murcia Pabón
  • Fernando Tenjo-Galarza

Abstract

Using a panel of Colombian banks and quarterly data between 1996:1 and 2010:3, we study the relationship between short-run adjustments in bank capital buffers and the business cycle. We follow a partial adjustment framework and control for several variables that have been identified as important determinants of bank capital buffers in previous studies, and find that bank capital buffers vary over the business cycle. We are able to identify a negative co-movement of capital buffers and the business cycle. However, we also find that capital buffers of small and large banks behave asymmetrically during the business cycle. While the former appear to be constant over time, once the appropriate set of control variables is used, the latter present a countercyclical behavior. Our results suggest the possible need of the implementation of regulatory policy measures in developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrés Felipe García-Suaza & José E. Gómez-González & Andrés Murcia Pabón & Fernando Tenjo-Galarza, 2011. "The Cyclical Behavior of Bank Capital Buffers in an Emerging Economy: Size Does Matter," Borradores de Economia 650, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:650
    DOI: 10.32468/be.650
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    1. Carvallo Valencia, Oscar & Ortiz Bolaños, Alberto, 2018. "Bank capital buffers around the world: Cyclical patterns and the effect of market power," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 119-131.
    2. José E. Gómez-González & Luis Fernando Melo Velandia, 2014. "Efectos de «ángeles caídos» en el mercado accionario colombiano: estudio de eventos del caso Interbolsa," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 32(75), pages 23-27, December.
    3. Rincón, Hernán & Velasco, Andrés M. (ed.), 2013. "Flujos de capitales, choques externos y respuestas de política en países emergentes," Books, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 2013-09, November.
    4. Zárate-Perdomo, Juan Pablo & Cobo-Serna, Adolfo León & Gómez-González, José Eduardo, 2013. "Lecciones de las crisis financieras recientes para diseñar y ejecutar la política monetaria y la financiera en Colombia," Chapters, in: Rincón-Castro, Hernán & Velasco, Andrés M. (ed.), Flujos de capitales, choques externos y respuestas de política en países emergentes, chapter 17, pages 645-674, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    5. Ahmad Sahyouni & Man Wang, 2022. "Bank capital and liquidity creation: evidence from Islamic and conventional MENA banks," Afro-Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 12(3), pages 291-311.
    6. de Moraes, Claudio Oliveira & Montes, Gabriel Caldas & Antunes, José Américo Pereira, 2016. "How does capital regulation react to monetary policy? New evidence on the risk-taking channel," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 177-186.
    7. Boubakri, Narjess & Mirzaei, Ali & Saad, Mohsen, 2023. "Bank lending during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of Islamic and conventional banks," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    8. Giraldo, Carlos & Giraldo, Iader & Gomez-Gonzalez, Jose E. & Uribe, Jorge M., 2024. "High frequency monitoring of credit creation: A new tool for central banks in emerging market economies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    9. Carvallo, Oscar & Kasman, Adnan & Kontbay-Busun, Sine, 2015. "The Latin American bank capital buffers and business cycle: Are they pro-cyclical?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 148-160.
    10. Hans Degryse & Sanja Jakovljević & Steven Ongena, 2015. "A Review of Empirical Research on the Design and Impact of Regulation in the Banking Sector," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 423-443, December.
    11. Syed Moudud-Ul-Huq, 2019. "Banks’ capital buffers, risk, and efficiency in emerging economies: are they counter-cyclical?," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 9(4), pages 467-492, December.
    12. Juan Amador & José Gómez-González & Andrés Pabón, 2013. "Loan growth and bank risk: new evidence," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 27(4), pages 365-379, December.
    13. Felipe Clavijo Ramírez & Jorge Luis Hurtado Guarín & Oscar Fernando Jaulín Méndez & Javier Pirateque Niño, 2016. "El requerimiento de capital contracíclico en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 963, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    14. Ovi, Nafisa & Bose, Sudipta & Gunasekarage, Abeyratna & Shams, Syed, 2020. "Do the business cycle and revenue diversification matter for banks’ capital buffer and credit risk: Evidence from ASEAN banks," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(1).
    15. Montagnoli, Alberto & Mouratidis, Konstantinos & Whyte, Kemar, 2021. "Assessing the cyclical behaviour of bank capital buffers in a finance-augmented macro-economy," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    16. Sine KONTBAY BUSUN & Adnan KASMAN, 2015. "A Note on Bank Capital Buffer, Portfolio Risk and Business Cycle," Ege Academic Review, Ege University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7.
    17. Mohamed Trabelsi & Ibrahim Elbadawi & Dhuha Fadhel, 2015. "Bank's Capital Buffers and Business Cycle: Evidence from GCC Countries. 2004-2011," Working Papers 925, Economic Research Forum, revised Jul 2015.
    18. Giraldo, Carlos & Giraldo, Iader & Gomez-Gonzalez, Jose E. & Uribe, Jorge M., 2024. "Financial integration and banking stability: A post-global crisis assessment," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    19. Aysan, Ahmet F. & Ozturk, Huseyin, 2018. "Does Islamic banking offer a natural hedge for business cycles? Evidence from a dual banking system," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 22-38.
    20. Cecilia Dassatti & Alejandro Pena & Jorge Ponce & Magdalena Tubio, 2015. "Countercyclical Capital Buffer: The Case of Uruguay," Monetaria, Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, CEMLA, vol. 0(2), pages 251-285, July-Dece.
    21. Hao, Xiangchao & Sun, Qinru & Xie, Fang, 2022. "International evidence for the substitution effect of FX derivatives usage on bank capital buffer," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    22. Lin, Karen Lai Kai, 2020. "The Cyclical Patterns of Capital Buffers: Evidence from Japanese Banks," Hitotsubashi Journal of commerce and management, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 53(1), pages 49-68, February.
    23. Toh, Moau Yong & Zhang, Yongmin, 2022. "Bank capital and risk adjustment responses to economic uncertainty: Evidence from emerging Southeast Asian economies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    24. Andres Murcia & Emanuel Kohlscheen, 2016. "Moving in tandem: bank provisioning in emerging market economies," BIS Working Papers 548, Bank for International Settlements.
    25. Soumaré, Issouf & Tchakoute Tchuigoua, Hubert & Hessou, Hélyoth T.S., 2020. "Are microfinance institutions resilient to economic slowdown? Evidence from their capital ratio adjustment over the business cycle," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 1-22.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bank capital buffers; Credit risk; Regulation; Colombia.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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