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Monetary Policy, Macroprudential Policy, and Financial Stability

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  • David Martinez-Miera
  • Rafael Repullo

Abstract

This review reexamines from a theoretical perspective the role of monetary and macroprudential policies in addressing the build-up of risks in the financial system. We construct a stylized general equilibrium model in which the key friction comes from a moral hazard problem in firms’ financing that banks’ equity capital serves to ameliorate. Tight monetary policy is introduced by open market sales of government debt, and tight macroprudential policy by an increase in capital requirements. We show that both policies are useful, but macroprudential policy is more effective in fostering financial stability and leads to higher social welfare.

Suggested Citation

  • David Martinez-Miera & Rafael Repullo, 2019. "Monetary Policy, Macroprudential Policy, and Financial Stability," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 11(1), pages 809-832, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:anr:reveco:v:11:y:2019:p:809-832
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-025625
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    Cited by:

    1. Ricardo J. Caballero & Alp Simsek, 2019. "Prudential Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers 25977, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Elien Meuleman & Rudi Vander Vennet, 2022. "Macroprudential Policy, Monetary Policy, and Euro Zone Bank Risk," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 18(4), pages 1-52, October.
    3. Federico Bassi & Andrea Boitani, 2021. "Monetary and macroprudential policy: The multiplier effects of cooperation," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza def110, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
    4. Wu, Nan & Zhang, Zuopeng & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Responses of financial stress and monetary policy to global warming: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    5. Yagüe Gurucharri, Miguel & García-Hiernaux, Alfredo & Jerez, Miguel, 1974. "Rethinking Basel III and beyond: a theory model to understand credit allocation and real state bubbles," MPRA Paper 119559, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 18 Dec 2023.
    6. Abbate, Angela & Thaler, Dominik, 2023. "Optimal monetary policy with the risk-taking channel," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    7. Huang, Chao & Moreira, Fernando & Archibald, Thomas W., 2024. "Should Basel-style liquidity requirements be set countercyclically? Evidence from a numerical analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
    8. Xiao-Li Gong & Jin-Yan Lu & Xiong Xiong & Wei Zhang, 2025. "Liquidity constraints, real estate regulation, and local government debt risks," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-28, December.
    9. Kim, Soyoung & Mehrotra, Aaron, 2022. "Examining macroprudential policy and its macroeconomic effects – Some new evidence," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    10. Lin, Xin & Zhang, Jinhong & Yu, Lina & Zhong, Qiming, 2024. "Does macroprudential policy matter for corporate green innovation? The role of financing constraints and public environmental concerns," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 877-892.
    11. Jbir, Hamdi, 2024. "Impact of monetary and macroprudential policy shocks on systemic risk: what role for the central bank governance ?," MPRA Paper 125437, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2025.
    12. Rendón, Juan F. & Cortés, Lina M. & Perote, Javier, 2025. "Modeling the procyclical impact of monetary policy on bank leverage: A stochastic macroprudential approach," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    13. Narayan, Shivani & Kumar, Dilip, 2024. "Macroprudential policy and systemic risk in G20 nations," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    14. Fontanier, Paul, 2025. "Optimal policy for behavioral financial crises," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    15. Vives, Xavier & Ye, Zhiqiang, 2025. "Information technology and lender competition," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    16. Ćehajić, Aida & Košak, Marko, 2021. "Macroprudential measures and developments in bank funding costs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    17. Khwazi Magubane, 2025. "The Stability of the Financial Cycle: Insights from a Markov Switching Regression in South Africa," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-30, February.
    18. Guo, Wen-Chung & Tseng, Ping-Lun, 2023. "COVID-19, bank risk, and capital regulation: The aggregate shock and social distancing," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 155-173.
    19. Wildmer Daniel Gregori & Ângelo Ramos, 2024. "Time-varying effects of monetary and macroprudential policies: does high inflation matter?," Working Papers w202401, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy

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