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Leistbarkeit von Wohnen in Österreich. Operationalisierung und demographische Komponenten

Author

Listed:
  • Andrea Kunnert

    (WIFO)

Abstract

Die dynamische Immobilien- und Mietpreisentwicklung machte die Leistbarkeit von Wohnen in den letzten Jahren vermehrt zu einem wohnungspolitischen Thema. Das Thema geht weit darüber hinaus, die Wohnkosten in ein Verhältnis zum Einkommen zu setzen. Basierend auf der internationalen Literatur, mikroökonomischen Überlegungen und unter Berücksichtigung der vorliegenden Mikrodaten verwendet diese Studie zwei Leistbarkeitsindikatoren: den Ausgabenanteilsansatz zur Berechnung der medianen Wohnkostenbelastung und zur Messung der Betroffenheit bei verschiedenen höchstmöglichen Anteilen und den Residualeinkommensansatz, der absolute Werte für Wohnkosten, Einkommen und notwendige Ausgaben für weitere Güter gegenüberstellt. Die Analyse erfolgt nach verschiedenen Kriterien für Einkommenshöhe, Qualität und Lage der Immobilien. Für die Beurteilung der Leistbarkeit von Wohnen der österreichischen Haushalte erzielt demnach der Residualeinkommensansatz verlässlichere Ergebnisse. Ohne eine Qualitäts- und Einkommensbeschränkung überschätzt der Ausgabenanteilsansatz die Betroffenheit durch nicht leistbare Wohnkosten wesentlich, da Überkonsum von Wohnen in Österreich ein verbreitetes Phänomen ist. Nach dem Residualeinkommensansatz sind etwa 11% bis 15% der Haushalte von nicht leistbaren Wohnkosten betroffen. Haushalte in unteren Einkommensdezilen, mit niedrigerer finanzieller Kapazität, in Hauptmiete und in überbelegten Wohnungen sind vergleichsweise häufiger betroffen, zudem jüngere, kleinere Haushalte und Haushalte kurz nach dem Einzug. Neben Maßnahmen zur Bestandsverbesserung empfiehlt es sich, insbesondere das Angebot an kleinen Wohnungen mit zwei oder drei Wohnräumen auszuweiten und Kostentreiber einzudämmen.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Kunnert, 2016. "Leistbarkeit von Wohnen in Österreich. Operationalisierung und demographische Komponenten," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 58932, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wstudy:58932
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Michael Klien, 2016. "Österreich 2025 – Perspektiven einer regional differenzierten Wohnungs- und Verkehrspolitik vor dem Hintergrund des demographischen Wandels in Österreich," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 89(11), pages 799-808, November.
    2. Gunther Tichy, 2017. "Mangelnde Effizienz als Erfolgsbremse," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 90(9), pages 677-699, September.

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