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Teilstudie 12: Wachstumsimpulse durch die öffentliche Hand

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  • Margit Schratzenstaller

Abstract

Theoretische und empirische Arbeiten zeigen, dass der Staatsanteil als solcher nur geringe Wirkungen auf Wachstum und Beschäftigung hat. Relevanter ist die Struktur von Staatseinnahmen und Staatsausgaben. Steuern und Abgaben auf Arbeit wirken deutlich stärker negativ auf Wachstum und Beschäftigung als solche auf Kapitalerträge und Vermögen. Hohe Grenzsteuersätze wirken weniger expansiv als hohe Durchschnittssteuersätze. Konsumtive Staatsausgaben wirken weniger expansiv als solche für Bildung und Infrastruktur. Gemessen an diesen Ergebnissen ist das österreichische Abgabensystem noch nicht optimiert. Die Belastung der Arbeit liegt erheblich über dem EU-Durchschnitt und hat in den letzten Jahren weiter zugenommen. Eine Umschichtung von der Abgabenbelastung der Arbeit zu stärkerer Besteuerung von Umweltverbrauch und Kapital (Energieverbrauch, Liegenschaften, Erbschaften) wäre wachstums- und beschäftigungsfördernd. Auch die Ausgabenstruktur kann noch wachstumsfreundlicher gestaltet werden. Effizienzgewinne mit positiven Wachstums- und Beschäftigungseffekten wären in der öffentlichen Verwaltung durch maßvolle Dezentralisierung und vor allem klare Entflechtung der intragovernmentalen Transferbeziehungen (Wohnbau, Lehrer) sowie durch die Vereinheitlichung des Haushaltsrechts und eine stärkere Outputorientierung der Haushaltsgebarung zu erzielen.

Suggested Citation

  • Margit Schratzenstaller, 2006. "Teilstudie 12: Wachstumsimpulse durch die öffentliche Hand," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 27451, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wstudy:27451
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