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A green path towards sustainable development: Optimal behavior of the duopoly game model with carbon neutrality instruments

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  • Jafar Hussain
  • Chien‐Chiang Lee

Abstract

Carbon emission is a global issue, and China is facing many problems to resolve it, especially in emission‐generating companies (EGCs). To maintain sustainable development, it is necessary to reduce carbon emissions for the well‐being of society, and carbon neutrality can play an important role. With China targeting the goal of carbon neutrality to reduce carbon emissions, this research aims to bridge the gap in the literature by considering carbon neutrality instruments in a duopoly market. The study sets up a mathematical model of the duopoly game to achieve desired objectives and then applies a simulation‐based optimization technique to examine the mathematical model under different experiments. After manipulating various scenarios to find the optimal values of carbon neutrality instruments, the results indicate that green bond provision, emission tax, and emission quota play a vital role in carbon neutrality. Different combinations of carbon neutrality instruments reduce various levels of carbon emissions. We further show that a combination of emission tax upon EGCs plays a key role in reducing carbon emissions during the fifth scenario. In the second scenario, a combination of green bond provision and emission tax reduces carbon emissions, but is lower than the fifth scenario. This research offers a reference for policymakers to move towards carbon neutrality, and it is beneficial for the government to decide the optimal values of carbon neutrality instruments.

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  • Jafar Hussain & Chien‐Chiang Lee, 2022. "A green path towards sustainable development: Optimal behavior of the duopoly game model with carbon neutrality instruments," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(6), pages 1523-1541, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:sustdv:v:30:y:2022:i:6:p:1523-1541
    DOI: 10.1002/sd.2325
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Yaya & Zhang, Yun, 2023. "What is the role of green ICT innovation in lowering carbon emissions in China? A provincial-level analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
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    3. Feng, Rui & Shen, Chen & Dai, Dandan & Xin, Yaru, 2023. "Examining the spatiotemporal evolution, dynamic convergence and drivers of green total factor productivity in China’s urban agglomerations," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 744-764.
    4. Liu, Yang & Dong, Kangyin & Wang, Jianda & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2023. "Towards sustainable development goals: Does common prosperity contradict carbon reduction?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 70-88.
    5. Qingmin Hao & Jim Huangnan Shen & Chien-Chiang Lee, 2023. "Risk contagion of bank-firm loan network: evidence from China," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 13(2), pages 341-361, June.
    6. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Wang, Fuhao & Chang, Yu-Fang, 2023. "Does green finance promote renewable energy? Evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    7. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Wang, Fuhao & Chang, Yu-Fang, 2023. "Towards net-zero emissions: Can green bond policy promote green innovation and green space?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    8. Xu, Ye & Wen, Shuang & Tao, Chang-Qi, 2023. "Impact of environmental tax on pollution control: A sustainable development perspective," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 89-106.
    9. Tanveer Bagh & Abdul Waheed & Muhammad Asif Khan & Mirza Muhammad Naseer, 2023. "Effect of Economic Policy Uncertainty on China’s Stock Price Index: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Wavelet Coherence Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
    10. Hussain, Jafar & Lee, Chien-Chiang & Hu, Danting, 2023. "Maximizing load capacity factor through a carbon-neutral environment via a simulation of carbon peak," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 746-764.
    11. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chen, Mei-Ping & Yuan, Zihao, 2023. "Is information and communication technology a driver for renewable energy?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    12. Fengxiu Zhou & Chien-Chiang Lee, 2023. "Political uncertainty and innovation of export enterprises: international evidence for developing countries," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(6), pages 4371-4400, December.
    13. Zhang, Weike & Fan, Hongxia & Zhao, Qiwei, 2023. "Seeing green: How does digital infrastructure affect carbon emission intensity?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
    14. Su, Yun Hsuan & Rizvi, Syed Kumail Abbas & Umar, Muhammad & Chang, Hsuling, 2023. "Unveiling the relationship between oil and green bonds: Spillover dynamics and implications," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
    15. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Hussain, Jafar, 2023. "Energy sustainability under the COVID-19 outbreak: Electricity break-off policy to minimize electricity market crises," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).

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