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How do selling mechanisms affect profits, surplus, capacity and prices with unknown demand?

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  • Patrick Hummel

Abstract

I analyze a model in which a seller wishes to sell multiple homogeneous goods to a large group of buyers with unknown demand. The seller may either sell objects via a posted‐price mechanism, a discriminatory‐price auction, a uniform‐price auction, their open‐bid analogs, or a revelation mechanism in which the seller first asks all potential buyers to report their valuations and then sets a reserve price. I show that the revelation mechanism leads to the greatest profits, the auction mechanisms result in identical expected profits and the posted‐price mechanism results in the smallest profits. However, the more profitable mechanisms impose stronger informational requirements that may make these mechanisms infeasible in practice, and the posted‐price mechanism also results in the greatest total surplus. I also find the seller chooses a lower capacity and reserve price in an auction than in the posted‐price mechanism. Comment est‐ce que les mécanismes de vente affectent les profits, le surplus, la capacité, et les prix quand on fait face à une demande inconnue? L'auteur analyse un modèle dans lequel un vendeur veut vendre plusieurs biens homogènes à un vaste groupe d'acheteurs dont on ne connaît pas la demande. Le vendeur peut soit vendre des objets via un mécanisme de prix affichés, une enchère qui permet de discriminer parles prix, une enchère à prix uniforme, des mécanismes analogues via des offres publiques d'achat, ou un mécanisme de révélation des préférences dans lequel le vendeur demande d'abord à tous les acheteurs potentiels de révéler leurs évaluations des produits et de définir leur prix de réserve. On montre que le mécanisme de révélation assure les profits les plus élevés, que les divers mécanismes d'enchère entraînent des profits anticipés identiques, et que le mécanisme du prix affiché engendre les profits les plus bas. Cependant les mécanismes les plus profitables imposent de plus importants prérequis informationnels qui peuvent fort bien les rendre impossibles à mettre en pratique. De plus, le mécanisme des prix affichés dégage le plus grand surplus total. L'auteur a aussi découvert que le vendeur choisit une capacité inférieure et un prix de réserve plus bas dans une enchère que dans le mécanisme des prix affichés.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Hummel, 2018. "How do selling mechanisms affect profits, surplus, capacity and prices with unknown demand?," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 51(1), pages 94-126, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:51:y:2018:i:1:p:94-126
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12317
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