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Second thoughts on the exporter productivity premium

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  • Philipp J.H. Schröder
  • Allan Sørensen

Abstract

Contrary to the prevailing interpretation, this paper shows that the central models of trade with heterogeneous firms (Melitz 2003; Bernard et al. 2003) exhibit ambiguous predictions for the exporter productivity premium. This prospect arises because of differences between theoretical and empirical representations of firm productivity. Instead of marginal productivity, we examine in both models the theoretical equivalent of empirically observable productivity (value‐added per employee). Given the presence of fixed export costs or heterogeneous mark‐ups and trade costs, the observable productivity of exporters in proximity to the export‐indifferent firm turns out to be lower than that of non‐exporters; that is, the productivity distributions overlap. The paper reviews empirical literature that reports non‐positive exporter productivity premia in firm‐level data and discusses implications for empirical research on exporter performance, including learning and the role of non‐parametric regressions (stochastic dominance, quantile regressions), fixed costs, and productivity distributions. Contrairement à l’interprétation qui prévaut, ce mémoire montre que les modèles centraux de commerce avec des firmes hétérogènes (Melitz 2003; Bernard et al. 2003) engendrent des prédictions ambiguës quant à la prime de productivité des firmes exportatrices. Cela se produit à cause des différences entre les représentations théoriques été empiriques de la productivité des firmes. Au lieu de s’en tenir à la productivité marginale, on examine dans les deux modèles l’équivalent théorique de la productivité empiriquement observable (la valeur ajoutée par employé). Compte tenu de la présence de coûts fixes de l’exportation ou des marges bénéficiaires et coûts de commerce hétérogènes, la productivité observable des exportateurs à proximité de la firme indifférente aux exportations s’avère être plus basse que celle des non‐exportateurs, c’est‐à‐dire qu’il y a chevauchement des distributions de productivité. Le texte fait une revue de la littérature empirique qui fait état de primes non‐positives de la productivité des firmes exportatrices mesurée au niveau de l’entreprise, et discute les implications de ces résultats pour la recherche empirique sur la performance des firmes exportatrices, y compris l’apprentissage, ainsi que le rôle des régressions non‐paramétriques (dominance stochastique, régressions des quantiles), des coûts fixes, et des distributions de productivité.

Suggested Citation

  • Philipp J.H. Schröder & Allan Sørensen, 2012. "Second thoughts on the exporter productivity premium," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(4), pages 1310-1331, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:45:y:2012:i:4:p:1310-1331
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5982.2012.01742.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Cited by:

    1. Stefano Costa & Federico Sallusti & Claudio Vicarelli & Davide Zurlo, 2022. "Tech on the ROC: export threshold and technology adoption interacted," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1593-1611, December.
    2. Ayhab F. Saad, 2017. "Trade and technology adoption," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(1), pages 1-24, January.
    3. Diana Alexandra Gonçalves Costa & Ana Teresa Cunha de Pinho Tavares Lehmann, 2015. "Performance Differences between Exporters and Non-Exporters: the Case of Portugal," FEP Working Papers 569, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
    4. Ingo Geishecker & Philipp J.H. Schröder & Allan Sörensen, 2014. "Explaining the Size Differences of Exporter Productivity Premia: Theory and Evidence," CESifo Working Paper Series 4630, CESifo.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity

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