IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wei/journl/v14y2024i2p127-150.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cointegration between CEO Power and Bank Risk: the Case of Commercial Banks in Uganda

Author

Listed:
  • Richard Kajumbula

    (Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa)

  • Patricia Lindelwa Makoni

    (Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa)

Abstract

This study assesses the cointegrating relationship between CEO power and bank risk. Using a sample of commercial banks drawn from Uganda, we consider the possibility of CEO power and bank risk regaining long-term equilibrium despite short-term disequilibrium. This paper adopts the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to analyse the short and long-run linkages between CEO power and bank risk. The speed of adjustment of the model in the long run was established using the Error Correction Term (ECT). Findings show that CEO power is positively and significantly related to Z-score in the long run, but such a relationship is not significant in the short run. A negative and significant ECT of -0.0258 was established, implying cointegration between CEO power and bank risk. If the model is destabilised and moves away from equilibrium, it will be re-coded back to equilibrium at a speed of approximately 2.58% annually. CEOs, bank managers, employees and policymakers should not expect immediate results regarding expected changes in bank risk. There is a need for persistent innovation, adjustment and observation of decisions and policy actions if bank risk is to be minimised.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Kajumbula & Patricia Lindelwa Makoni, 2024. "Cointegration between CEO Power and Bank Risk: the Case of Commercial Banks in Uganda," Economic Research Guardian, Mutascu Publishing, vol. 14(2), pages 127-150, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:wei:journl:v:14:y:2024:i:2:p:127-150
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.ecrg.ro/files/p2024.14(2)10y4.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:cup:cbooks:9781107034662 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Johansen, Soren & Juselius, Katarina, 1990. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration--With Applications to the Demand for Money," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 52(2), pages 169-210, May.
    3. Tran, Dung Viet & Kabir Hassan, M. & Houston, Reza, 2019. "How does listing status affect bank risk? The effects of crisis, market discipline and regulatory pressure on listed and unlisted BHCs," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 85-103.
    4. Hausman, Jerry, 2015. "Specification tests in econometrics," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 38(2), pages 112-134.
    5. Min Hua & Wei Song & Oleksandr Talavera, 2019. "Recession CEOs and bank risk taking," Discussion Papers 19-04, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham.
    6. Koehn, Michael & Santomero, Anthony M, 1980. "Regulation of Bank Capital and Portfolio Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 35(5), pages 1235-1244, December.
    7. Stefano Bonini & Ali Taatian, 2023. "Dual holding and bank risk," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 58(4), pages 735-763, November.
    8. Jarita Duasa, 2007. "Determinants of Malaysian Trade Balance: An ARDL Bound Testing Approach," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(1), pages 89-102.
    9. repec:eme:mfppss:v:36:y:2010:i:2:p:86-102 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Anthony M. Santomero, 1997. "Commercial Bank Risk Management: An Analysis of the Process," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 95-11, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    11. Terry A. Baker & Thomas J. Lopez & Austin L. Reitenga & George W. Ruch, 2019. "The influence of CEO and CFO power on accruals and real earnings management," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 325-345, January.
    12. Birger Wernerfelt, 1984. "A resource‐based view of the firm," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(2), pages 171-180, April.
    13. Gianluigi Ferrucci, 2003. "Empirical determinants of emerging market economies' sovereign bond spreads," Bank of England working papers 205, Bank of England.
    14. Amir Barnea & Amir Rubin, 2010. "Corporate Social Responsibility as a Conflict Between Shareholders," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 97(1), pages 71-86, November.
    15. Fang, Hao & Lee, Jen-Sin & Chung, Chien-Ping & Lee, Yen-Hsien & Wang, Wen-Hao, 2020. "Effect of CEO power and board strength on bank performance in China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    16. Nikita Singhal & Shikha Goyal & Divya Sharma & Sapna Kumari & Shweta Nagar, 2022. "Capitalization and profitability: applicability of capital theories in BRICS banking sector," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-13, December.
    17. Agrawal, Anup & Knoeber, Charles R. & Tsoulouhas, Theofanis, 2006. "Are outsiders handicapped in CEO successions?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 619-644, June.
    18. Ibish Mazreku & Fisnik Morina & Valdrin Misiri & Jonathan V. Spiteri & Simon Grima, 2018. "Determinants of the Level of Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Banks of Transition Countries," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 3-13.
    19. Brooks,Chris, 2014. "Introductory Econometrics for Finance," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107661455, December.
    20. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    21. Adom, Philip Kofi & Bekoe, William & Akoena, Sesi Kutri Komla, 2012. "Modelling aggregate domestic electricity demand in Ghana: An autoregressive distributed lag bounds cointegration approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 530-537.
    22. Catarina Fernandes & Jorge Farinha & Francisco Vitorino Martins & Cesario Mateus, 2021. "The impact of board characteristics and CEO power on banks’ risk-taking: stable versus crisis periods," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(4), pages 319-341, December.
    23. Anthony Santomero, 1997. "Commercial Bank Risk Management: An Analysis of the Process," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 12(2), pages 83-115, October.
    24. Mourouzidou-Damtsa, Stella & Milidonis, Andreas & Stathopoulos, Konstantinos, 2019. "National culture and bank risk-taking," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 132-143.
    25. Adam, Tim R. & Fernando, Chitru S. & Golubeva, Evgenia, 2015. "Managerial overconfidence and corporate risk management," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 195-208.
    26. Fama, Eugene F & Jensen, Michael C, 1983. "Separation of Ownership and Control," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 26(2), pages 301-325, June.
    27. Owais Shafique & Nazik Hussain & M. Taimoor Hassan, 2013. "Differences in the risk management practices of Islamic versus conventional financial institutions in Pakistan," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 14(2), pages 179-196, February.
    28. Benjamin Balsmeier & Achim Buchwald, 2015. "Who promotes more innovations? Inside versus outside hired CEOs," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 24(5), pages 1013-1045.
    29. Jingsi Leng & Aydin Ozkan & Neslihan Ozkan & Agnieszka Trzeciakiewicz, 2021. "CEO overconfidence and the probability of corporate failure: evidence from the United Kingdom," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(12), pages 1210-1234, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fabrizio Rossi & Maretno Agus Harjoto, 2020. "Corporate non-financial disclosure, firm value, risk, and agency costs: evidence from Italian listed companies," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 14(5), pages 1149-1181, October.
    2. Kuiper, W. Erno & Kuwornu, John K.M. & Pennings, Joost M.E., 2003. "Time Series Analysis Of A Principal-Agent Model To Assess Risk Shifting And Bargaining Power In Commodity Marketing Channels," 2003 Annual meeting, July 27-30, Montreal, Canada 22046, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    3. Etienne Redor & Magnus Blomkvist, 2021. "Do all inside and affiliated directors hold the same value for shareholders?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 41(3), pages 882-895.
    4. Xiaodong Teng & Kun-Shan Wu & Lopin Kuo & Bao-Guang Chang, 2023. "Investigating the double-edged sword effect of environmental, social and governance practices on corporate risk-taking in the high-tech industry," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 14(2), pages 511-549, June.
    5. Ferrell, Allen & Liang, Hao & Renneboog, Luc, 2016. "Socially responsible firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(3), pages 585-606.
    6. Ali Uyar & Cemil Kuzey & Merve Kilic & Abdullah S. Karaman, 2021. "Board structure, financial performance, corporate social responsibility performance, CSR committee, and CEO duality: Disentangling the connection in healthcare," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(6), pages 1730-1748, November.
    7. Mukhopadhyay, Jhuma & Chakraborty, Indrani, 2017. "Foreign institutional investment, business groups and firm performance: Evidence from India," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(PA), pages 454-465.
    8. Kaouther Chebbi & Mohammed Abdullah Ammer, 2022. "Board Composition and ESG Disclosure in Saudi Arabia: The Moderating Role of Corporate Governance Reforms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, September.
    9. Hakkon Kim & Kwangwoo Park & Doojin Ryu, 2017. "Corporate Environmental Responsibility: A Legal Origins Perspective," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 140(3), pages 381-402, February.
    10. Stephen J. Smulowitz & Didier Cossin & Hongze Lu, 2023. "Managerial Short-Termism and Corporate Social Performance: The Moderating Role of External Monitoring," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 188(4), pages 759-778, December.
    11. Yuan George Shan, 2019. "Managerial ownership, board independence and firm performance," Accounting Research Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 32(2), pages 203-220, July.
    12. Sascha Tobias Wengerek & Benjamin Hippert & André Uhde, 2019. "Risk allocation through securitization - Evidence from non-performing loans," Working Papers Dissertations 58, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    13. Samuel Buertey & Eun‐Jung Sun & Jang Soon Lee & Juhee Hwang, 2020. "Corporate social responsibility and earnings management: The moderating effect of corporate governance mechanisms," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(1), pages 256-271, January.
    14. Chanchal Chatterjee & Tirthankar Nag, 2023. "Do women on boards enhance firm performance? Evidence from top Indian companies," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(2), pages 155-167, June.
    15. Ester Chen & Ilanit Gavious & Nadav Steinberg, 2019. "Dividends from unrealized earnings and default risk," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 491-535, June.
    16. Markus Hang & Jerome Geyer-Klingeberg & Andreas W. Rathgeber & Clémence Alasseur & Lena Wichmann, 2021. "Interaction effects of corporate hedging activities for a multi-risk exposure: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 789-818, February.
    17. Boubaker, Sabri & Chebbi, Kaouther & Grira, Jocelyn, 2020. "Top management inside debt and corporate social responsibility? Evidence from the US," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 98-115.
    18. Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Mai, 2017. "An examination of independent directors in Vietnam," OSF Preprints ay6dv, Center for Open Science.
    19. Jihai Lu & Sohail Ahmad Javeed & Rashid Latief & Tao Jiang & Tze San Ong, 2021. "The Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Association of Internal Corporate Governance and Profitability; Evidence from Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-22, May.
    20. Naeem Tabassum & Satwinder Singh, 2020. "Corporate Governance and Organisational Performance," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-030-48527-6, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    CEO power; Bank risk; Commercial banks; Cointegration; Uganda;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G39 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Other

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wei:journl:v:14:y:2024:i:2:p:127-150. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Mihai Mutascu (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.