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Exploring the Role of Five Key Risks for Apple Farmers: An Explanatory and Inferential Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Murrja Arif

    (PhD Associate Professor Faculty of Economics and Agribusiness, Agricultural University of Tirana Pajsi Vodica St., Tirana 1029 Country: Albania)

  • Çera Gentjan

    (PhD Lecturer and researcher Faculty of Economics and Agribusiness, Agricultural University of Tirana Country: Albania)

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of the five main risks (production, market, financial, legal compliance, and human resources) along with risk analysis, farmer experience, and farm size on farm income. The research is based on primary data collection consisting of 300 valid questionnaires. The respondents were randomly selected, and the interviews were conducted face-to-face. Explanatory (principal component analysis) and inferential statistical (regression analysis) approaches are employed to test the formulated hypotheses. The results showed that risk analysis, experience, and farm size significantly affect farm income. Additionally, legal risk and production risk were significant and influenced farm income, whereas financial risk, market risk, and human resources risk did not. The findings of the research assist farmers, field researchers, policymakers at local and central levels, and other stakeholders such as clients, suppliers, and consumers. This guides farmers in effective risk management and helps government institutions in drafting supportive policies for the sustainable development of agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Murrja Arif & Çera Gentjan, 2025. "Exploring the Role of Five Key Risks for Apple Farmers: An Explanatory and Inferential Analysis," South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 20(1), pages 53-67.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:seejeb:v:20:y:2025:i:1:p:53-67:n:1005
    DOI: 10.2478/jeb-2025-0005
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    Keywords

    Risk; income; regression analysis; explained variance; efficiency; farm; farmer’s experience;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M12 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation
    • Q11 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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