IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/reaccs/v30y2025i3d10.1007_s11142-025-09875-7.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Something in the air: does air pollution affect fund managers’ carbon divestment?

Author

Listed:
  • Thanh D. Huynh

    (Monash University)

  • Frank Weikai Li

    (Singapore Management University)

  • Ying Xia

    (Monash University)

Abstract

We examine whether mutual fund managers overestimate carbon risk when they are exposed to local air pollution. We find that air pollution near fund managers induces them to underweight stocks of high-emission firms. The effects strengthen among environmentally conscious fund managers and among those likely to be surprised by air pollution—consistent with the idea that managers revise their beliefs about carbon risk following exposure to air pollution. A firm’s carbon-emissions disclosures and fund managers’ sophistication moderate these effects. Carbon-intensive stocks sold by fund managers who are exposed to local air pollution subsequently outperform stocks they buy, suggesting that such underweighting is costly to fund investors.

Suggested Citation

  • Thanh D. Huynh & Frank Weikai Li & Ying Xia, 2025. "Something in the air: does air pollution affect fund managers’ carbon divestment?," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 30(3), pages 2607-2634, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:reaccs:v:30:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s11142-025-09875-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s11142-025-09875-7
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11142-025-09875-7
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11142-025-09875-7?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Emirhan Ilhan & Philipp Krueger & Zacharias Sautner & Laura T Starks, 2023. "Climate Risk Disclosure and Institutional Investors," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 36(7), pages 2617-2650.
    2. Tatyana Deryugina & Garth Heutel & Nolan H. Miller & David Molitor & Julian Reif, 2019. "The Mortality and Medical Costs of Air Pollution: Evidence from Changes in Wind Direction," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(12), pages 4178-4219, December.
    3. Martin Freedman & Dennis M Patten, 2004. "Evidence on the pernicious effect of financial report environmental disclosure," Accounting Forum, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(1), pages 27-41, March.
    4. Jiekun Huang & Nianhang Xu & Honghai Yu, 2020. "Pollution and Performance: Do Investors Make Worse Trades on Hazy Days?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(10), pages 4455-4476, October.
    5. Chuan Yang Hwang & Sheridan Titman & Ying Wang, 2022. "Investor Tastes, Corporate Behavior, and Stock Returns: An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(10), pages 7131-7152, October.
    6. David Hirshleifer & Tyler Shumway, 2003. "Good Day Sunshine: Stock Returns and the Weather," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(3), pages 1009-1032, June.
    7. Azar, José & Duro, Miguel & Kadach, Igor & Ormazabal, Gaizka, 2021. "The Big Three and corporate carbon emissions around the world," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(2), pages 674-696.
    8. Bolton, Patrick & Kacperczyk, Marcin, 2021. "Do investors care about carbon risk?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(2), pages 517-549.
    9. Hong, Harrison & Kostovetsky, Leonard, 2012. "Red and blue investing: Values and finance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(1), pages 1-19.
    10. Pedro Bordalo & Nicola Gennaioli & Andrei Shleifer, 2012. "Salience Theory of Choice Under Risk," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 127(3), pages 1243-1285.
    11. Caroline Flammer & Michael W. Toffel & Kala Viswanathan, 2021. "Shareholder activism and firms' voluntary disclosure of climate change risks," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(10), pages 1850-1879, October.
    12. Jean-Noël Barrot & Julien Sauvagnat, 2016. "Input Specificity and the Propagation of Idiosyncratic Shocks in Production Networks," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 131(3), pages 1543-1592.
    13. Goyal, Amit & Wahal, Sunil & Yavuz, M. D., 2024. "Choosing Investment Managers," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 59(8), pages 3531-3563, December.
    14. Marcin Kacperczyk & Clemens Sialm & Lu Zheng, 2008. "Unobserved Actions of Mutual Funds," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(6), pages 2379-2416, November.
    15. Hans B. Christensen & Luzi Hail & Christian Leuz, 2021. "Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: economic analysis and literature review," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 1176-1248, September.
    16. Li, Feng, 2008. "Annual report readability, current earnings, and earnings persistence," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(2-3), pages 221-247, August.
    17. Shashwat Alok & Nitin Kumar & Russ Wermers & Harrison Hong, 2020. "Do Fund Managers Misestimate Climatic Disaster Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(3), pages 1146-1183.
    18. Locke, Peter R. & Mann, Steven C., 2005. "Professional trader discipline and trade disposition," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(2), pages 401-444, May.
    19. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 2015. "A five-factor asset pricing model," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(1), pages 1-22.
    20. Séverine Deguen & Claire Ségala & Gaëlle Pédrono & Mounir Mesbah, 2012. "A New Air Quality Perception Scale for Global Assessment of Air Pollution Health Effects," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(12), pages 2043-2054, December.
    21. Tom Y Chang & Wei Huang & Yongxiang Wang, 2018. "Something in the Air: Pollution and the Demand for Health Insurance," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 85(3), pages 1609-1634.
    22. Lawrence, Alastair, 2013. "Individual investors and financial disclosure," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 130-147.
    23. Paul A. Griffin & David H. Lont & Estelle Y. Sun, 2017. "The Relevance to Investors of Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosures," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(2), pages 1265-1297, June.
    24. Patten, Dennis M., 2005. "The accuracy of financial report projections of future environmental capital expenditures: a research note," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 457-468, July.
    25. Ryan Bubb & Emiliano M Catan, 2022. "The Party Structure of Mutual Funds," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 35(6), pages 2839-2878.
    26. Bushman, RM & Gigler, F & Indjejikian, RJ, 1996. "A model of two-tiered financial reporting," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34, pages 51-74.
    27. Alon Kalay, 2015. "Investor sophistication and disclosure clienteles," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 976-1011, June.
    28. Ella Mae Matsumura & Rachna Prakash & Sandra C. Vera-Muñoz, 2024. "Climate-risk materiality and firm risk," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 33-74, March.
    29. Darwin Choi & Zhenyu Gao & Wenxi Jiang, 2020. "Attention to Global Warming," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(3), pages 1112-1145.
    30. Ralph S. J. Koijen & Motohiro Yogo, 2019. "A Demand System Approach to Asset Pricing," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 127(4), pages 1475-1515.
    31. Li, Jennifer (Jie) & Massa, Massimo & Zhang, Hong & Zhang, Jian, 2021. "Air pollution, behavioral bias, and the disposition effect in China," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(2), pages 641-673.
    32. Judith Chevalier & Glenn Ellison, 1999. "Are Some Mutual Fund Managers Better Than Others? Cross‐Sectional Patterns in Behavior and Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(3), pages 875-899, June.
    33. Jeong-Bon Kim & Chong Wang & Feng Wu, 2023. "The real effects of risk disclosures: evidence from climate change reporting in 10-Ks," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 2271-2318, December.
    34. Richard B. Evans, 2010. "Mutual Fund Incubation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 65(4), pages 1581-1611, August.
    35. Dong, Rui & Fisman, Raymond & Wang, Yongxiang & Xu, Nianhang, 2021. "Air pollution, affect, and forecasting bias: Evidence from Chinese financial analysts," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(3), pages 971-984.
    36. Richard B. Evans & Rüdiger Fahlenbrach, 2012. "Institutional Investors and Mutual Fund Governance: Evidence from Retail--Institutional Fund Twins," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(12), pages 3530-3571.
    37. Yazhou Ellen & Bige Kahraman & Michelle Lowry, 2023. "ES Risks and Shareholder Voice," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 36(12), pages 4824-4863.
    38. Brian J. Bushee & Henry L. Friedman, 2016. "Disclosure Standards and the Sensitivity of Returns to Mood," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(3), pages 787-822.
    39. Cohen, Shira & Kadach, Igor & Ormazabal, Gaizka, 2023. "Institutional investors, climate disclosure, and carbon emissions," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(2).
    40. Venky Nagar & Jordan Schoenfeld, 2024. "Measuring weather exposure with annual reports," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 1-32, March.
    41. Philipp Krueger & Zacharias Sautner & Laura T Starks, 2020. "The Importance of Climate Risks for Institutional Investors," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(3), pages 1067-1111.
    42. Edwin J. Elton & Martin J. Gruber & Christopher R. Blake, 2001. "A First Look at the Accuracy of the CRSP Mutual Fund Database and a Comparison of the CRSP and Morningstar Mutual Fund Databases," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 56(6), pages 2415-2430, December.
    43. Wolfram Schlenker & W. Reed Walker, 2016. "Airports, Air Pollution, and Contemporaneous Health," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 83(2), pages 768-809.
    44. Stefan Reichelstein, 2024. "Corporate carbon accounting: balance sheets and flow statements," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 2125-2156, September.
    45. Clarkson, Peter M. & Li, Yue & Richardson, Gordon D. & Vasvari, Florin P., 2008. "Revisiting the relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure: An empirical analysis," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 33(4-5), pages 303-327.
    46. Amit Goyal & Sunil Wahal, 2008. "The Selection and Termination of Investment Management Firms by Plan Sponsors," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(4), pages 1805-1847, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Roman Kräussl & Tobi Oladiran & Denitsa Stefanova, 2024. "A review on ESG investing: Investors’ expectations, beliefs and perceptions," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 476-502, April.
    2. Venturini, Alessio, 2022. "Climate change, risk factors and stock returns: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    3. Chen, Xiao & Guo, Gangxing, 2024. "Air pollution and online lender behavior: Evidence from Chinese peer-to-peer lending," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    4. Florackis, Chris & Muktadir-Al-Mukit, Dewan & Sainani, Sushil & Zhang, Ziyang (John), 2025. "Stock market reaction to mandatory carbon disclosure announcements: The role of institutional investors," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    5. Barg, Johannes A. & Drobetz, Wolfgang & El Ghoul, Sadok & Guedhami, Omrane & Schröder, Henning, 2024. "Institutional dual ownership and voluntary greenhouse gas emission disclosure," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    6. Luo, Qiling & Xue, Minggao & Xiong, Yeqin & Ge, Xiaowen, 2024. "The backfire of mutual funds balancing financial objectives in ESG investments: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
    7. Thomas R. Berry‐Stölzle & Simon Fritzsch & Philipp Scharner & Gregor Weiß, 2024. "Insurers' climate change risk management quality and natural disasters," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 91(2), pages 263-298, June.
    8. Roy, Suvra & Nguyen, Harvey & Visaltanachoti, Nuttawat, 2023. "Be nice to the air: Severe haze pollution and mutual fund risk," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    9. Pástor, Ľuboš & Stambaugh, Robert F. & Taylor, Lucian A., 2022. "Dissecting green returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 403-424.
    10. Liu, Huajin & Zhang, Wei & Zhang, Xiaotao & Li, Donghui, 2023. "Abnormal temperature and retail investors’ trading behavior," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    11. Boermans, Martijn Adriaan & Galema, Rients, 2025. "Carbon home bias of European investors," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    12. Hu, Xiaolu & Zhong, Angel & Cao, Youdan, 2022. "Greenium in the Chinese corporate bond market," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    13. Han, Byunghun & Park, Junho & Park, Kwangwoo, 2024. "Air quality, ES risks, and stock returns: Evidence from Korea," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PB).
    14. Roy Kouwenberg & Chenglong Zheng, 2023. "A Review of the Global Climate Finance Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-32, January.
    15. Chen, Linquan & Chen, Yao & Kumar, Alok & Leung, Woon Sau, 2024. "Firm-level ESG information and active fund management," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    16. Li, Jianwen & Li, Keyang & Ren, Yuan, 2025. "Missing repayments on haze days: Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    17. Omri Even-Tov & Guoman She & Lynn Linghuan Wang & Detian Yang, 2025. "How government procurement shapes corporate climate disclosures, commitments, and actions," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 1968-2014, June.
    18. Garel, Alexandre & Petit-Romec, Arthur, 2022. "CEO exposure to abnormally hot temperature and corporate carbon emissions," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    19. Alexandre Garel & Arthur Petit-Romec, 2022. "CEO exposure to abnormally hot temperature and corporate carbon emissions," Post-Print hal-03515464, HAL.
    20. Emirhan Ilhan & Philipp Krueger & Zacharias Sautner & Laura T Starks, 2023. "Climate Risk Disclosure and Institutional Investors," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 36(7), pages 2617-2650.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:reaccs:v:30:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s11142-025-09875-7. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.