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Discrimination, Psychological Isolation, and Flight from School

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  • Reza Nakhaie

    (University of Windsor)

Abstract

Discrimination negatively impacts students’ ability to adapt to and deal with the educational stressors of a new environment. When students experience discrimination, their options are to fight, fawn, or flee—that is, skip school. This study focuses on the third option among refugee and immigrant students and addresses two inter-related issues: (a) the relationships between newcomer first-generation youth truancy and the perception of discrimination and psychological isolation in school, and (b) whether such relationships persist after employment, voluntary activities, or other socio-demographic factors are taken into account. The data source is a survey of immigrant and refugee students 14 to 24 years of age who attended school in a medium-sized city in Canada. Results show that experiences of discrimination and psychological isolation are significant predictors of truancy. I also find support for the effects of length of residency, paid employment, and participation in voluntary activities on increasing truancy, suggesting the importance of acculturation, socio-economic status, and time availability.

Suggested Citation

  • Reza Nakhaie, 2022. "Discrimination, Psychological Isolation, and Flight from School," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 1515-1541, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:23:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s12134-021-00901-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00901-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. M. Reza Nakhaie, 2018. "Service Needs of Immigrants and Refugees," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 143-160, February.
    2. Duarte, R. & Escario, J.J., 2006. "Alcohol abuse and truancy among Spanish adolescents: A count-data approach," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 179-187, April.
    3. Correa-Velez, Ignacio & Gifford, Sandra M. & Barnett, Adrian G., 2010. "Longing to belong: Social inclusion and wellbeing among youth with refugee backgrounds in the first three years in Melbourne, Australia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(8), pages 1399-1408, October.
    4. McLaughlin, K.A. & Hatzenbuehler, M.L. & Keyes, K.M., 2010. "Responses to discrimination and psychiatric disorders among black, hispanic, female, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(8), pages 1477-1484.
    5. Abdurrahman Aydemir, 2011. "Immigrant selection and short-term labor market outcomes by visa category," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 24(2), pages 451-475, April.
    6. Jacqueline Oxman-Martinez & Ye Ri Choi, 2014. "Newcomer Children: Experiences of Inclusion and Exclusion, and Their Outcomes," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 2(4), pages 23-37.
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