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Service Needs of Immigrants and Refugees

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  • M. Reza Nakhaie

    (University of Windsor)

Abstract

This paper evaluates the service needs of immigrants and refugees, paying special attention to their entry status, social, and human capital. Analyses are based on administrative data consisting of 2915 clients collected by the YMCA of Western Ontario, Windsor-Essex Branch (YMO). Results reveal that immigrants’ and refugees’ major service need priorities are (1) government services and language skills, (2) information about Canadian life and access to community services, (3) education and work in Canada, and (4) social and professional networks and community involvement. These service needs varied by the entry status of the immigrant as well as human and social capital. Government-assisted and sponsored refugees identified more service needs than economic immigrants relating to Canadian life, language and skill training, and social networks. Sponsored refugees also identified more needs than the economic immigrants with respect to access to community services and work. Convention refugees’ higher service needs over economic immigrants were related to language training and access to community services. Finally, the service needs of clients with higher education, English proficiency, and ethnic networks were lower than those of their counterparts.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Reza Nakhaie, 2018. "Service Needs of Immigrants and Refugees," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 143-160, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:19:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1007_s12134-017-0534-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s12134-017-0534-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Pieter Bevelander & Ravi Pendakur, 2012. "The labour market integration of refugee and family reunion immigrants: A comparison of outcomes in Canada and Sweden," Norface Discussion Paper Series 2012041, Norface Research Programme on Migration, Department of Economics, University College London.
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    8. Edge, Sara & Newbold, K. Bruce & McKeary, Marie, 2014. "Exploring socio-cultural factors that mediate, facilitate, & constrain the health and empowerment of refugee youth," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 34-41.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ellen Heidinger, 2021. "Overcoming Barriers to Service Access: Refugees’ Professional Support Service Utilization and the Impact of Human and Social Capital," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 1151, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    2. Bešić, Almina & Aigner, Petra, 2023. "Action, Reaction and Resignation: How Refugee Women and Support Organisations Respond to Labour Market Integration Challenges during the Covid-19 Pandemic," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
    3. Ellen Heidinger, 2023. "Overcoming Barriers to Service Access: Refugees’ Professional Support Service Utilization and the Impact of Human and Social Capital," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 271-312, March.
    4. Zhixi Cecilia Zhuang, 2023. "A Place-based Approach to Understanding Immigrant Retention and Integration in Canadian and American Non-Traditional Gateway Cities: a Scoping Literature Review," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(6), pages 1029-1053, December.
    5. Reza Nakhaie, 2022. "Discrimination, Psychological Isolation, and Flight from School," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 1515-1541, September.
    6. Daniel Bertram & Ammar Maleki & Niels Karsten, 2020. "Factoring in Societal Culture in Policy Transfer Design: the Proliferation of Private Sponsorship of Refugees," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 253-271, March.

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