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From expression to infection: decoding the role of freedom in pandemic dynamics

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  • Vincenzo Alfano

    (University of Napoli “Parthenope”)

Abstract

In 2020, COVID-19 unfolded in a hyperconnected society. Its impact, before vaccines, was linked to the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). This study examines the relationship between freedom of expression, academic freedom, NPIs, and the COVID-19 trend, in a sample of 157 countries. We find that countries with higher levels of freedom of expression and academic freedom had fewer daily COVID-19 cases. These findings are in line with the idea that public trust fosters NPI compliance, and suggest that these freedoms may play an important role in mitigating the spread of infectious diseases. Our results suggest that policymakers should consider levels of freedom of expression and academic freedom before implementing NPIs to mitigate the spread of infectious diseases. The article also discusses the limitations of our analysis and suggests directions for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincenzo Alfano, 2025. "From expression to infection: decoding the role of freedom in pandemic dynamics," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 42(2), pages 549-568, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:epolit:v:42:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s40888-025-00365-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s40888-025-00365-2
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    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • K41 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Litigation Process
    • Y50 - Miscellaneous Categories - - Further Reading - - - Further Reading

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