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System dynamic modeling of CO2 emissions and pollutants from passenger cars in Malaysia, 2040

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  • Muhammad Azmi

    (Osaka University)

  • Akihiro Tokai

    (Osaka University)

Abstract

Transportation sector is the second largest producer of greenhouse gas in Malaysia next to energy sector. It contributes to nearly 28 % of annual national carbon emissions due to its heavy dependency of hydrocarbons such as gasoline. If not properly managed, carbon dioxide emissions per capita are expected to nearly double in the next 5 years. Lack of interdisciplinary study on this sector has caused proper mitigation initiatives to be delayed, compounding the damage to the ecosystem. The objective of this study is to develop a dynamic probabilistic model to determine emissions and pollutants of transportation system in Malaysia using Analytica software, with focus on passenger cars for its large number over other vehicle classes. Several vehicle fleet management policies based on several key governmental, industrial and stakeholder’s intervention have been constructed and analyzed for a period of 25 years. This analysis found that greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants in 2040 can be reduced by up to 80 %, compared to emissions of 2020, without any adverse effect on vehicle demand nor the economy. However, without proper intervention, personal transportation system in Malaysia will generate nearly 80,000 kilotons of greenhouse gas annually by the year 2040.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Azmi & Akihiro Tokai, 2016. "System dynamic modeling of CO2 emissions and pollutants from passenger cars in Malaysia, 2040," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 36(4), pages 335-350, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:envsyd:v:36:y:2016:i:4:d:10.1007_s10669-016-9612-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s10669-016-9612-7
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    4. Asif Raihan & Rawshan Ara Begum & Mohd Nizam Mohd Said & Joy Jacqueline Pereira, 2022. "Relationship between economic growth, renewable energy use, technological innovation, and carbon emission toward achieving Malaysia’s Paris agreement," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 586-607, December.
    5. Muhammad Azmi & Akihiro Tokai, 2017. "Electric vehicle and end-of-life vehicle estimation in Malaysia 2040," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 37(4), pages 451-464, December.

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