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Health effects of ozone and particulate matter pollution in China: a province-level CGE analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Kyung-Min Nam

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Xu Zhang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Min Zhong

    (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
    Emory University)

  • Eri Saikawa

    (Emory University)

  • Xiliang Zhang

    (Tsinghua University)

Abstract

In this study, we estimate the cost of PM2.5 and O3 pollution in China and explore how it differs by province. For the analysis, we extend the China Regional Energy Model—a computable general equilibrium model of the Chinese economy—to explicitly represent the pollution-health linkage within a larger economic system. Our results show that health damage from air pollution in China is substantially large. For each year between 2010 and 2030, China’s welfare loss from excess pollution is estimated to be 3.2–5.1% of the baseline level when welfare is measured as the sum of consumption and leisure. The PM2.5 share of the costs was > 13 times as large as the O3 share, and premature deaths from chronic exposure to PM2.5 were the single most important health endpoint, accounting for ≤ 56% of the total costs. Cross-regional heterogeneity is substantial, and populous and wealthy Eastern China is subject to particularly large health damage. When the size of provincial economies is controlled for, however, the dominance of the eastern region is less obvious and several inland provinces (e.g., Henan, Shanxi, and Chongqing) also suffer high pollution-health costs, due to low air quality and fast productivity growth. Finally, broader economic loss from inefficient resource allocation and its cumulative effects, which is often neglected in static analysis, accounts for > 29% of the total costs. Overlooking this cost component will, in particular, lead to substantial underestimation for China’s central and western regions, whose economies are growing fast.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyung-Min Nam & Xu Zhang & Min Zhong & Eri Saikawa & Xiliang Zhang, 2019. "Health effects of ozone and particulate matter pollution in China: a province-level CGE analysis," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 63(2), pages 269-293, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:anresc:v:63:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1007_s00168-019-00924-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s00168-019-00924-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Kyung-Min Nam & Yifu Ou & Euijune Kim & Siqi Zheng, 2022. "Air Pollution and Housing Values in Korea: A Hedonic Analysis with Long-range Transboundary Pollution as an Instrument," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 82(2), pages 383-407, June.
    3. Xuan Tian & Cheng Zhang & Bing Xu, 2022. "The Impact of Air Pollution on Residents’ Happiness: A Study on the Moderating Effect Based on Pollution Sensitivity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-20, June.
    4. Baohua Liu & Junfeng Wu & Kam C. Chan, 2021. "Does air pollution change a firm's business strategy for employing capital and labor?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(8), pages 3671-3685, December.
    5. Ning Yang & Lei Yang & Feng Xu & Xue Han & Bin Liu & Naiyuan Zheng & Yuan Li & Yu Bai & Liwei Li & Jiguang Wang, 2022. "Vehicle Emission Changes in China under Different Control Measures over Past Two Decades," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Chang, Shiyan & Yang, Xi & Zheng, Haotian & Wang, Shuxiao & Zhang, Xiliang, 2020. "Air quality and health co-benefits of China's national emission trading system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models
    • D58 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • Q51 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Valuation of Environmental Effects
    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

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