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Investigating Workplace Bullying in India: Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Cutoff Scores of Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised

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  • Richa Gupta
  • Arti Bakhshi
  • StÃ¥le Einarsen

Abstract

Workplace bullying is a universal threat with statistics available at global level prominently suggesting that this phenomenon is thriving like a pandemic worldwide. Limited literature on workplace bullying from Indian perspective can be attributed to the paucity of standardized tools for investigating its prevalence. This study reports validation, psychometric properties, and cutoff scores for Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised (NAQ-R) in Indian sample ( N = 1,053). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed a best fit three-factor model of work-related bullying, person-related bullying, and physically intimidating bullying NAQ-R demonstrated high reliability and validity using CFA and Pearson’s correlation with measures of burnout, work engagement, and perceived victimization. Two cutoff points for NAQ-R were formulated using receiver operating characteristic curve for categorizing respondents as “never bullied†(scores below 40), “occasionally bullied†(scores between 40 and 56), and “severely bullied†(scores above 56). Based on these scores, 46% of the employees were found being bullied at work, either occasionally or frequently. NAQ-R is a valid and psychometrically sound measure to examine workplace bullying in India. Clear cutoff scores may help practitioners in designing prevention and intervention strategies. As NAQ-R is the most extensively tried and tested measure of workplace bullying worldwide, the findings of the study may facilitate cross-cultural comparisons.

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  • Richa Gupta & Arti Bakhshi & StÃ¥le Einarsen, 2017. "Investigating Workplace Bullying in India: Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Cutoff Scores of Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised," SAGE Open, , vol. 7(2), pages 21582440177, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:7:y:2017:i:2:p:2158244017715674
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244017715674
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Mariam Ciby & R.P. Raya, 2015. "Workplace Bullying: A Review of the Defining Features, Measurement Methods and Prevalence across Continents," IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, , vol. 4(1), pages 38-47, January.
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    1. Dadan Erwandi & Abdul Kadir & Fatma Lestari, 2021. "Identification of Workplace Bullying: Reliability and Validity of Indonesian Version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Raghunandan Reddy, 2023. "Workplace Bullying: The Problem That (Still) Has No Name," Indian Journal of Gender Studies, Centre for Women's Development Studies, vol. 30(3), pages 360-373, October.
    3. Levia Levia & Gurvinder Kaur, 2023. "Targets’ Coping Responses to Workplace Bullying with Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Tolerance: A Two-Phased Study of Faculty in Higher Education Institutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-18, January.

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