IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i8p3985-d533540.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Identification of Workplace Bullying: Reliability and Validity of Indonesian Version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R)

Author

Listed:
  • Dadan Erwandi

    (Occupational Health and Safety Department, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok West Java 16424, Indonesia)

  • Abdul Kadir

    (Occupational Health and Safety Department, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok West Java 16424, Indonesia)

  • Fatma Lestari

    (Occupational Health and Safety Department, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok West Java 16424, Indonesia)

Abstract

Bullying can pose a risk to health and safety, including the risk for damage to the emotional, psychosocial, mental, or physical health of employees in the workplace. Since bullying has a detrimental impact on victims and organizations, several studies on this issue had been conducted using the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), which is one of the most widely used tools to assess and minimize the occurrence of workplace bullying. However, this tool has not been validated for the Indonesian contexts. In this study, the author tested the reliability and constructed validity of the Indonesian version of NAQ-R. A total of 3140 participants were recruited in this study from various companies from different industries. NAQ-R, Psychosocial Distress (K10), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administrated through an online survey. The results showed that 22 items yielded three model factors, i.e., person-related bullying, work-related bullying, and intimidation towards a person. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the total and sub-scales of the Indonesian NAQ-R was acceptable, ranging from 0.721 to 0.897. This study confirmed that the Indonesian version of NAQ-R has an internal consistency reliability, and the concurrent and construct validity are at acceptable levels. Thus, this tool can be used as the screening instrument in assessing workplace bullying.

Suggested Citation

  • Dadan Erwandi & Abdul Kadir & Fatma Lestari, 2021. "Identification of Workplace Bullying: Reliability and Validity of Indonesian Version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:3985-:d:533540
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/8/3985/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/8/3985/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Elena Baixauli & Ángela Beleña & Amelia Díaz, 2020. "Evaluation of the Effects of a Bullying at Work Intervention for Middle Managers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Richa Gupta & Arti Bakhshi & Ståle Einarsen, 2017. "Investigating Workplace Bullying in India: Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Cutoff Scores of Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised," SAGE Open, , vol. 7(2), pages 21582440177, June.
    3. Laura Francioli & Paul Maurice Conway & Åse Marie Hansen & Ann-Louise Holten & Matias Brødsgaard Grynderup & Roger Persson & Eva Gemzøe Mikkelsen & Giovanni Costa & Annie Høgh, 2018. "Quality of Leadership and Workplace Bullying: The Mediating Role of Social Community at Work in a Two-Year Follow-Up Study," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 147(4), pages 889-899, February.
    4. Karl Aquino & Murray Bradfield, 2000. "Perceived Victimization in the Workplace: The Role of Situational Factors and Victim Characteristics," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 11(5), pages 525-537, October.
    5. Ely Zarina Samsudin & Marzuki Isahak & Sanjay Rampal & Ismail Rosnah & Mohd Idzwan Zakaria, 2020. "Individual antecedents of workplace victimisation: The role of negative affect, personality and self‐esteem in junior doctors' exposure to bullying at work," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(5), pages 1065-1082, September.
    6. Cluver, Lucie & Orkin, Mark, 2009. "Cumulative risk and AIDS-orphanhood: Interactions of stigma, bullying and poverty on child mental health in South Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 1186-1193, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yun-Ping Lu & Bih-O Lee & Chih-Kuang Liu & Ke-Hsin Chueh, 2022. "Exploring the Workplace Bullying of Indonesian Caregivers and Its Influencing Factors in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-10, April.
    2. Ning Wang & Can Wang & Limin Hou & Bing Fang, 2021. "Investigating Young Employee Stressors in Contemporary Society Based on User-Generated Contents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-19, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ely Zarina Samsudin & Marzuki Isahak & Sanjay Rampal & Ismail Rosnah & Mohd Idzwan Zakaria, 2020. "Individual antecedents of workplace victimisation: The role of negative affect, personality and self‐esteem in junior doctors' exposure to bullying at work," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(5), pages 1065-1082, September.
    2. Kathryn Whetten & Jan Ostermann & Brian W Pence & Rachel A Whetten & Lynne C Messer & Sumedha Ariely & Karen O'Donnell & Augustine I Wasonga & Vanroth Vann & Dafrosa Itemba & Misganaw Eticha & Ira Mad, 2014. "Three-Year Change in the Wellbeing of Orphaned and Separated Children in Institutional and Family-Based Care Settings in Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(8), pages 1-10, August.
    3. Gang Wang & Peter Harms & Jeremy Mackey, 2015. "Does it take two to Tangle? Subordinates’ Perceptions of and Reactions to Abusive Supervision," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 131(2), pages 487-503, October.
    4. Leigh T. Graham, 2007. "Permanently Failing Organizations? Small Business Recovery After September 11, 2001," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 21(4), pages 299-314, November.
    5. Garman, E.C. & Avendano, Mauricio & Araya, Ricardo & Evans-Lacko, Sara & McDaid, David & Zimmerman, A. & Lund, C., 2022. "Understanding the complex relationship between multidimensional poverty and depressive symptoms among young South Africans: a cross-sectional study," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 116674, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Kris Byron & Blaine Landis, 2020. "Relational Misperceptions in the Workplace: New Frontiers and Challenges," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 31(1), pages 223-242, January.
    7. Mundbjerg Eriksen, Tine L. & Hogh, Annie & Hansen, Åse Marie, 2016. "Long-term consequences of workplace bullying on sickness absence," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 129-150.
    8. Adams, Gabrielle S. & Zou, Xi & Inesi, M. Ena & Pillutla, Madan M., 2015. "Forgiveness is not always divine: When expressing forgiveness makes others avoid you," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 130-141.
    9. Dhanakorn Mulaphong, 2023. "Social Undermining in Public Sector Organizations: Examining its Effects on Employees’ Work Attitudes, Behaviors, and Performance," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 1229-1248, September.
    10. Cokkie Verschuren & Maria Tims & Annet H. De Lange, 2023. "Beyond Bullying, Aggression, Discrimination, and Social Safety: Development of an Integrated Negative Work Behavior Questionnaire (INWBQ)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-24, August.
    11. Li, Xiaoming & Harrison, Sayward E. & Fairchild, Amanda J. & Chi, Peilian & Zhao, Junfeng & Zhao, Guoxiang, 2017. "A randomized controlled trial of a resilience-based intervention on psychosocial well-being of children affected by HIV/AIDS: Effects at 6- and 12-month follow-up," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 256-264.
    12. Rodgers, Waymond & Gago Rodríguez, Susana, 2006. "Improving social corporate responsibility : the case of bullying behavior," DEE - Working Papers. Business Economics. WB wb064213, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía de la Empresa.
    13. Rachel Goldberg & Susan Short, 2012. "“The Luggage that isn’t Theirs is Too Heavy…”: Understandings of Orphan Disadvantage in Lesotho," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 31(1), pages 67-83, February.
    14. Harvey, Michael & Treadway, Darren & Heames, Joyce Thompson, 2006. "Bullying in global organizations: A reference point perspective," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 190-202, June.
    15. Abhijeet K. Vadera & Michael G. Pratt, 2013. "Love, Hate, Ambivalence, or Indifference? A Conceptual Examination of Workplace Crimes and Organizational Identification," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(1), pages 172-188, February.
    16. Juan Pablo Pizarro-Ruiz & Nuria Ordóñez-Camblor & Mario Del-Líbano & María-Camino Escolar-LLamazares, 2021. "Influence on Forgiveness, Character Strengths and Satisfaction with Life of a Short Mindfulness Intervention via a Spanish Smartphone Application," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-14, January.
    17. ADEGOKE Olusegun Steve & AYANTAYO, Solomon Ojo, 2020. "Organizational Stress and Demographic Variables as Predictors of Workplace Violence in the Telecommunication Industry," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 4(8), pages 461-474, August.
    18. Ashley Turbeville & J. Lawrence Aber & Sharon L. Weinberg & Linda Richter & Alastair Heerden, 2019. "Childhood Economic Well-Being in South Africa: Construction of a Theoretically-Grounded Empirically-Derived Multidimensional Measure," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 12(6), pages 1855-1878, December.
    19. Yejun Zhang & Mark C. Bolino & Kui Yin, 2023. "The Interactive Effect of Perceived Overqualification and Peer Overqualification on Peer Ostracism and Work Meaningfulness," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 182(3), pages 699-716, January.
    20. Raghunandan Reddy, 2023. "Workplace Bullying: The Problem That (Still) Has No Name," Indian Journal of Gender Studies, Centre for Women's Development Studies, vol. 30(3), pages 360-373, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:3985-:d:533540. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.