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Gender, Skill, and Earnings in Professional Golf

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  • Stephen Shmanske

    (California State University, Hayward)

Abstract

This article compares the PGA Tour to the LPGA by examining the relationship between skills and earnings on the two tours. Men on the PGA Tour play for bigger purses than do the women in the LPGA tournaments. But the men also play more rounds of golf over longer golf courses in front of more spectators and exhibit greater levels of skill than the women. The statistical results show which golf skills are the most valuable by estimating the effect of the skill on earnings. Furthermore, the results show that once skill levels are accounted for, women are not underpaid compared to men. Even though the tournament form of compensation rewards the relative skill levels within each tournament, the professional golf industry appears to reward the absolute level of skill with no gender bias.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Shmanske, 2000. "Gender, Skill, and Earnings in Professional Golf," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 1(4), pages 385-400, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jospec:v:1:y:2000:i:4:p:385-400
    DOI: 10.1177/152700250000100404
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lazear, Edward P & Rosen, Sherwin, 1981. "Rank-Order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(5), pages 841-864, October.
    2. Stephen Shmanske, 1998. "Price Discrimination At The Links," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 16(3), pages 368-378, July.
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    7. Ehrenberg, Ronald G & Bognanno, Michael L, 1990. "Do Tournaments Have Incentive Effects?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(6), pages 1307-1324, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. R. Antonietti, 2006. "Human Capital, Sport Performance, and Salary Determination of Professional Athletes," Working Papers 561, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    2. Ferdi Botha & Gavin Fraser & Thomas A. Rhoads, 2021. "Skill and Earnings Amongst Golfers on the Southern‐African Sunshine Tour," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 89(2), pages 274-281, June.
    3. Benno Torgler, 2004. "?La Grande Boucle?: Determinants of Success at the Tour de France," CREMA Working Paper Series 2004-22, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA), revised May 2005.
    4. Garner, Jacqueline & Humphrey, Phillip R. & Simkins, Betty, 2016. "The business of sport and the sport of business: A review of the compensation literature in finance and sports," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 197-204.
    5. Barros, Carlos Pestana & Butler, Richard & Correia, Antónia, 2010. "The length of stay of golf tourism: A survival analysis," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 13-21.
    6. E Bárcena-Martín & M Rodríguez-Fernández & S Borrego-Domínguez, 2017. "Golf, supply and demand," Tourism Economics, , vol. 23(6), pages 1220-1234, September.
    7. Stephen Shmanske, 2013. "Gender and skill convergence in professional golf," Chapters, in: Eva Marikova Leeds & Michael A. Leeds (ed.), Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports, chapter 4, pages 73-91, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    8. Ilhyeok Park & Young Hoon Lee, 2012. "Efficiency Comparison of International Golfers in the LPGA," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 13(4), pages 378-392, August.

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