IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/rvofce/ofce_0751-6614_2000_num_74_1_1609.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Ajustement sur les marchés du travail et lutte contre le chômage [En Allemagne, en France et aux États-Unis]

Author

Listed:
  • Catherine Bruno
  • Catherine Fuss

Abstract

[fre] Au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années, l'Europe et les États-Unis ont connu des expériences différentes en termes de chômage. Un moyen de savoir si le taux de chômage est dû à des dysfonctionnements spécifiques au marché du travail ou le résultat du policy mix est d'analyser la réponse du taux de chômage à des chocs survenus sur le marché du travail. Dans le cas où le taux de chômage ne répond pas de façon significative à ces chocs — c'est le cas des États-Unis —, on peut convenir du fait qu'il n'est pas un problème spécifique au marché du travail mais le résultat du policy mix. En revanche, si le taux de chômage répond significativement aux chocs du marché du travail alors il peut être combattu par des réformes structurelles entreprises sur le marché du travail. Dans ce texte, nous évaluons à partir d'une approche globale, dynamique et sans a priori théorique, les modes d'ajustement de l'emploi, du taux de chômage, du taux de participation et du salaire réel aux chocs du marché du travail — chocs de demande et d'offre de travail — en France, en Allemagne et aux États-Unis au cours des trente dernières années. Notre objectif est de montrer que la lutte contre le chômage en Europe ne peut être efficace que par la mise en œuvre d'une politique macroéconomique cohérente à l'échelle communautaire. Cela signifie alors que l'emploi est un objectif à atteindre en Europe au même titre que la stabilité des prix. [eng] Adjustments on French, German and American labour markets : what do you learn about unemployment in Europe ?. Catherine Bruno and Catherine Fuss. During the last twenty five years, unemployment in Europe had a positive trend independently of the business cycle, although in the United States it fluctuated with it. In this paper, we are interested in the nature of unemployment. More precisely, we ask if unemployment is either the resuit of policy mix or due to specifie labour market disfunctioning. To answer this question, we evaluate adjustments of employment, unemployment rate, participation rate and real wage to labour demand and labour supply shocks in vectorial autoregressive model. We conclude that unemployment in the United States is the resuit of policy mix, although in France and Germany, it is the resuit of specifie labour market disfunctioning. In other words, unemployment will decrease in Europe if employment becomes a goal to reach as price stability is nowadays.. JEL codes : E 24, F 22, J 31.

Suggested Citation

  • Catherine Bruno & Catherine Fuss, 2000. "Ajustement sur les marchés du travail et lutte contre le chômage [En Allemagne, en France et aux États-Unis]," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 74(1), pages 159-179.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_2000_num_74_1_1609
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.2000.1609
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.2000.1609
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/ofce.2000.1609
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/ofce_0751-6614_2000_num_74_1_1609
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/ofce.2000.1609?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Blanchard, Olivier Jean & Quah, Danny, 1989. "The Dynamic Effects of Aggregate Demand and Supply Disturbances," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(4), pages 655-673, September.
    2. David G. Blanchflower & Andrew J. Oswald, 1995. "The Wage Curve," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026202375x, April.
    3. Forni, Mario & Reichlin, Lucrezia, 1997. "National Policies and Local Economies: Europe and the United States," CEPR Discussion Papers 1632, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Bayoumi, Tamim & Eichengreen, Barry, 1992. "Shocking Aspects of Monetary Unification," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt791143kp, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    5. David G. Blanchflower & Andrew Oswald, 1995. "International Wage Curves," NBER Chapters, in: Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, pages 145-174, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Jean-Paul Fitoussi, 1996. "Anatomie de la croissance molle," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 59(1), pages 213-244.
    7. Decressin, Jorg & Fatas, Antonio, 1995. "Regional labor market dynamics in Europe," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 1627-1655, December.
    8. Tamim Bayoumi & Barry Eichengreen, 1992. "Shocking Aspects of European Monetary Unification," NBER Working Papers 3949, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5650 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. David G. Blanchflower & Andrew J. Oswald, 1995. "An Introduction to the Wage Curve," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 9(3), pages 153-167, Summer.
    11. Bruno, C. & Fuss, C., 1999. "Asymmetries on European labour markets," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 1999-03, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Persyn, Damiaan & Brandsma, Andries & Kancs, d’Artis, 2014. "Modelling Migration and Regional Labour Markets: an Application of the New Economic Geography Model RHOMOLO," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 29, pages 372-407.
    2. Houssa, Romain, 2008. "Monetary union in West Africa and asymmetric shocks: A dynamic structural factor model approach," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(1-2), pages 319-347, February.
    3. Juan Duque & Raúl Ramos & Jordi Suriñach, 2006. "Wages and productivity: the role of labour market institutions in OECD countries," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 33(4), pages 231-243, September.
    4. Juan Luís Ollero & Raul Ramos & Jordi Suriñach-Caralt, 2001. "Macroeconomic implications of EMU at the regional level," ERSA conference papers ersa01p146, European Regional Science Association.
    5. Bruno, C. & Fuss, C., 1999. "Asymmetries on European labour markets," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 1999-03, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
    6. Konstantins Benkovskis, 2006. "The Effect of Latvian Pension Reform on Savings and Government Budget," Baltic Journal of Economics, Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies, vol. 6(1), pages 3-21, July.
    7. Baltagi, Badi H. & Rokicki, Bartlomiej, 2013. "The Polish Wage Curve: Micro Panel Data Analysis Based on the Polish Labor Force Survey," IZA Discussion Papers 7812, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Lanot, Gauthier & Walker, Ian, 1998. "The union/non-union wage differential: An application of semi-parametric methods," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 327-349, June.
    9. Appleton, Simon & Song, Lina & Xia, Qingjie, 2005. "Has China crossed the river? The evolution of wage structure in urban China during reform and retrenchment," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 644-663, December.
    10. Olegs Tkacevs, 2006. "The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Prices: Does the Fiscal Theory of Price Level Matter in Latvia?," Baltic Journal of Economics, Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies, vol. 6(1), pages 23-36, July.
    11. Denny, K-J & Harmon, C-P & Roche, M-J, 1997. "The Distribution of Discrimination in Immigrant Earnings : Evidence from Britain 1974-1993," Papers 97/21, College Dublin, Department of Political Economy-.
    12. Jan Willem Gunning & Paul Collier, 1999. "Explaining African Economic Performance," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 37(1), pages 64-111, March.
    13. Adu, Raymond & Litsios, Ioannis & Baimbridge, Mark, 2019. "Real exchange rate and asymmetric shocks in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ)," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 232-249.
    14. Mike Artis & Hans-Martin Krolzig & Juan Toro, 2004. "The European business cycle," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 56(1), pages 1-44, January.
    15. David G. Blanchflower & Andrew J. Oswald, 2005. "The Wage Curve Reloaded," NBER Working Papers 11338, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Geeta Kingdon & Justin Sandefur & Francis Teal, 2006. "Labour Market Flexibility, Wages and Incomes in Sub‐Saharan Africa in the 1990s," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 18(3), pages 392-427.
    17. Eddy Bekkers & Joseph Francois, 2014. "Bilateral Exchange Rates and Jobs," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 275-298, May.
    18. Joseph A. Whitt, 1995. "European Monetary Union: evidence from structural VARs," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 95-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
    19. Faust, Jon & Leeper, Eric M, 1997. "When Do Long-Run Identifying Restrictions Give Reliable Results?," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 15(3), pages 345-353, July.
    20. Boeters, Stefan & Savard, Luc, 2011. "The labour market in CGE models," ZEW Discussion Papers 11-079, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_2000_num_74_1_1609. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/ofce .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.