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La compétitivité exprimée dans les enquêtes trimestrielles sur la situation et les perspectives dans l'industrie

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  • Patrick Aubert
  • Marie Leclair

Abstract

[ger] Die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit laut den vierteljährlichen Erhebungen über die Konjunktur und die Perspektiven der Industrie. Die vom INSEE durchgeführte Erhebung über die Konjunktur und die Perspektiven der Industrie stellt eine Quelle interessanter Informationen über die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Unternehmen dar. Wir versuchen hier ihren Nutzen zu bewerten. Auf individueller Ebene ist eine Zunahme der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit eng mit einem Anstieg des Verkaufs und der Produktion sowie mit einem Rückgang der Kosten der Vorleistungen und der Personalausgaben verbunden. Diese Wechselwirkung betrifft aber eher die absoluten Ergebnisse des Unternehmens als seine relativen Ergebnisse bezogen auf die Branche, in der es produziert. Diese Feststellung legt den Schluss nahe, dass die Schwankungen der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Unternehmen vor allem die Konjunkturentwicklungen, mit denen die Unternehmen konfrontiert sind, und nicht eine wirkliche Änderung ihrer Wettbewerbsfähigkeit widerspiegeln würden. Auf aggregierter Ebene scheint der Meinungssaldo bezüglich der Entwicklung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in der Konjunkturerhebung allerdings recht gut den Schwankungen bestimmter gängiger Indikatoren, wie Arbeitsproduktivität oder Arbeitslosigkeit, sowie der Indikatoren der Kosten für die ausländischen Konkurrenzprodukte zu folgen. [fre] L'Enquête sur la situation et les perspectives dans l'industrie, effectuée par l'Insee, constitue une source d'informations intéressantes sur la compétitivité des entreprises. Nous cherchons ici à évaluer son apport. Au niveau individuel, une hausse de la compétitivité y apparaît significativement corrélée avec une augmentation des ventes et de la production, ainsi qu'à une diminution des coûts des consommations intermédiaires et de la masse salariale. Cette corrélation concerne cependant les résultats de l'entreprise dans l'absolu, plutôt que ses résultats relatifs par rapport au secteur dans lequel elle produit. Cette observation suggère que les variations de la compétitivité exprimées par les entreprises reflèteraient avant tout l'évolution de la conjoncture à laquelle fait face l'entreprise, plutôt qu'une véritable modification de sa position concurrentielle. Au niveau agrégé, le solde d'opinion sur l'évolution de la compétitivité dans l'enquête de conjoncture semble cependant suivre assez bien les variations de certains indicateurs usuels tels que la productivité du travail ou le taux de change, ainsi que des indicateurs de coûts relatifs aux coûts des produits étrangers concurrents. [spa] La competitividad expresada en las encuestas trimestrales sobre la situación y las perspectivas en la industria. La Encuesta sobre la situación y las perspectivas en la industria, realizada por el Insee, constituye una fuente de información interesante sobre la competitividad de las empresas. Aquí evaluaremos su aportación. A escala individual, un alza de la competitividad aparece signifi cativamente en correlación con un incremento de las ventas y de la producción, así como una disminución de los costes del consumo intermedio y de la masa salarial. No obstante, esta correlación impacta en los resultados absolutos de la empresa, y no en los resultados relativos del sector en el que produce. Esta observación sugiere que las variaciones de la competitividad expresadas por las empresas refl ejarían sobre todo la evolución de la coyuntura en la que se mueve la empresa, y no una verdadera modifi cación de su posición competitiva. En el ámbito agregado, el saldo de opinión sobre la evolución de la competitividad en la encuesta de coyuntura parece, no obstante, seguir bastante bien las variaciones de algunos indicadores usuales, tales como la productividad del trabajo o los tipos de cambio, así como los indicadores de los costes relativos a los costes de los productos extranjeros competidores. [eng] Competitiveness in the Quarterly Business Tendency Survey in Industry. INSEE’s Business Tendency Survey in industry constitutes an interesting source of information on the competitiveness of manufacturing firms. In this paper we aim at evaluating the quality of this information. At an individual level, a rise in competitiveness appears signifi cantly correlated with an increase in sales and production and a reduction in intermediate consumption costs and labour costs. However, these correlations concern raw values rather than relative values in relation to the sector in which they produce. This observation suggests that variations in the competitiveness expressed by entrepreneurs refl ect above all the shortterm economic changes with which the business is faced, rather than a true modifi cation of its competitive position. At the aggregate level, the balance of opinion on the evolution of competitiveness in the Business Survey seems, however, to follow quite closely the variations of some conventional indicators such as labour productivity or exchange rate, as well as indicators of costs relatively to the costs of competing foreign products.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Aubert & Marie Leclair, 2006. "La compétitivité exprimée dans les enquêtes trimestrielles sur la situation et les perspectives dans l'industrie," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 395(1), pages 117-140.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2006_num_395_1_7134
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2006.7134
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2006.7134
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fagerberg, Jan, 1988. "International Competitiveness: Errata," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 98(393), pages 1203-1203, December.
    2. Fagerberg, Jan, 1988. "International Competitiveness," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 98(391), pages 355-374, June.
    3. Marie Leclair, 2002. "La réduction du temps de travail et les tensions sur les facteurs de production," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 359(1), pages 123-147.
    4. Patrick Aubert & Bruno Crépon, 2003. "La productivité des salariés âgés : une tentative d'estimation," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 368(1), pages 95-119.
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