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Du rendement à la rentabilité en grandes cultures

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  • Pascale Pollet

Abstract

[fre] Du rendement à la rentabilité en grandes cultures . La tendance à la baisse des prix pour la plupart des céréales et grandes cultures est plus que jamais d'actualité : l'accord de Berlin de mars 1 999 a décidé de nouvelles baisses, et les discussions à venir dans le cadre de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce s'inscrivent également dans cette perspective. Les producteurs vont devoir s'adapter à cette nouvelle donne, en ayant recours à des stratégies différentes. Dans quelles ; mesures la productivité, au sens de rendements physiques ; élevés, est-elle liée à la rentabilité, dont une des dimensions est la baisse des coûts de production ? . La baisse des coûts en valeur a coïncidé avec une hausse ; des rendements, mais aussi avec un accroissement des revenus, grâce aux subventions de la PAC à partir de. 1993. Cette tendance d'ensemble n'est pas homogène au sein des exploitations. Au-delà des techniques culturales, un rôle majeur est joué par l'exploitation elle-même : lorsqu'elle obtient de meilleurs rendements pour une' culture, elle obtient en général de meilleurs résultats pour les autres cultures.. L'autre dimension sur laquelle repose la rentabilité est la valorisation du produit, très dépendante du niveau de qualité du produit lui-même. Les subventions peuvent aussi jouer un rôle-clé dans la rentabilité des exploitations du fait de leur nature exogène. Des modifications dans leur mode, d'attribution pourraient avoir des conséquences à ce niveau. . [eng] From Yield to Profitability in Major Crops . The downward price trend in most cereals and major crops is more on the agenda than ever before. The March 1999 Berlin agreement decided on new decreases and the coming World Trade Organisation talks are set to do likewise. Producers will need different strategies to adapt to this new order. To what extent is productivity in terms of high physical yields linked to profitability, one of the aspects of which is a decrease in production costs? . The cut in costs in terms of value has come about hand in ; hand with a rise in yields, but also with an increase in incomes due to the CAP subsidies introduced in 1993.: . This general trend is not uniform across the farms. In addition to the role played by crop-growing techniques, a major role is played by the farm itself. When it obtains better yields for one crop, it generally achieves better results for the other crops.. . The other aspect underlying profitability is product: enhancement, which is highly dependent on the quality of the product itself. The exogenous nature of subsidies can : also play a key role in farm profitability. Changes in their : allocation procedure could have repercussions at this level. [ger] Ertrag und Rentabilitât der Feldkulturen . Der tendenzielle Preisrûckgang bei den meisten Getreidearten und Feldkulturen ist mehr denn je aktuell bei der in Berlin im Mârz 1999 erzielten Ûbereinkunft wurden weitere Senkungen beschlossen, und die bevorstehenden Diskussionen im Rahmen der Welthandelsorganisation fûgen sich ebenfalls in dièse Perspektive ein. Die Erzeuger werden sich diesen neuen Verhâltnissen- anpassen und dabei unterschiedliche Strategien verfolgen mùssen. Welcher Zusammenhang besteht zwischen der Produktivitât im Sinne hoher physischer Ertrâge und der Rentabilitât, bei der die Senkung der Produktionskosten einen wesentlichen Faktor darsteiit . Die wertmâBige Kostensenkung ging mit einer Zunahme . der. Ertrâge, dank- der: seit: 1993 gewàhrten: . GAP-Subventionen aber auch mit einem Anstieg der Einkommen einher. In den einzelnen Betrieben ist dièse globale Tendenz allerdings nicht homogen. Ùber die : Anbautechniken hinaus spielt der Betrieb hierbei selbst - eine bedeutende Rolle: wenn er bei einer Kultur hôhere Ertrâge erzielt, verbessern sich in der Regel auch die: Ergebnisse bei den anderen Kulturen.'. . Ein weiterer entscheidender Faktor fur die Rentabilitât ist die Verwertung des Erzeugnisses, die in hohem Maf3e von dessen Qualitàt abhângig ist.- Aufgrund ihres exogenen1 Charakters kônnen auch die Subvent ion en die Rentabilitât der Betriebe maBgeblich beeinflussen. Auswirkungen kônnten diesbezùglich Ànderungen bei: ihrer Gewàhrung haben.' [spa] Del rendimiento a la rentabilidad de los grandes cultivos . La tendencia a la bajada de los precios para la mayor, parte de los céréales y grandes cultivos es mâs que nunca de actualidad : el convenio de Berlfn de marzo de 1999 ha acordado nuevas bajadas y las futuras discusiones en el marco de la OMC se inscriben en la misma perspectiva. Los productores deberân adaptarse a este nuevo orden internacional recurriendo a unas estrategias diferentes. En que medida la productividad, en cuanto a elevados rendimientos ffsicos, se relaciona- con la rentabilidad, siendo una de sus dimensiones la bajada de los costes de producciôn ? . La bajada de los costes en valor coincidiô con un alza de los . rendimientos, pero también con un crecimiento de la renta gracias a las subvenciones de la PAC a partir de 1 993. Esta = tendencia de conjunto no es homogénea entre las explotaciones. Ademâs de las técnicas de cultivo, la misma ; explotaciôn desemperïa un papel relevante. Cuando esta obtiene mejores rendimientos para un cultivo, obtiene igualmente mejores resultados para los demâs cultivos. . La otra dimension sobre la que descansa la rentabilidad es la valoraciôn del producto, muy supeditada al nivel de calidad del propio producto. Los subsidios pueden de este : modo desempenarun papel fundamental en la rentabilidad de las explotaciones por su naturaleza exôgena. Unas modificaciones en su modo de atribuciôn podrïan tener repercusiones en este caso.

Suggested Citation

  • Pascale Pollet, 1999. "Du rendement à la rentabilité en grandes cultures," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 329(1), pages 127-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1999_num_329_1_6358
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1999.6358
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1999.6358
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Munir Ahmad & Boris E. Bravo-Ureta, 1995. "An Econometric Decomposition of Dairy Output Growth," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 77(4), pages 914-921.
    2. Yair Mundlak, 1961. "Empirical Production Function Free of Management Bias," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 43(1), pages 44-56.
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    2. Sandrine Spaeter & Alban Verchère, 2004. "Agricultural pollution of water, moral hazard and optimal audit policies [Aléa moral et politiques d’audit optimales dans le cadre de la pollution d’origine agricole de l’eau]," Post-Print hal-01201071, HAL.

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