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Asymétries financières et transmission de la politique monétaire en Europe

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  • Virginie Coudert
  • Benoît Mojon

Abstract

[fre] Asymétries financières et transmission de la politique monétaire en Europe par Virginie Coudert et Benoît Mojon . Dans la perspective d'une politique monétaire unique en Europe, il est essentiel de savoir si une même politique monétaire a un impact similaire sur les économies nationales. Malgré l'utilisation générale du taux d'intérêt comme instrument par les banques centrales, les canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire à la sphère réelle sont multiples. En plus du canal de type ISLM qui transite par la monnaie ou le taux d'intérêt et le canal du taux de change dont l'impact sur les prix et le commerce extérieur sont bien connus, un canal de transmission par le crédit a été récemment mis en avant par une littérature abondante. La dépendance au crédit bancaire de certaines catégories d'agents, les ménages et les PME, introduit un canal de transmission si les banques modifient leur offre de crédit selon la tension de la politique monétaire. L'importance relative de ces différents canaux, dont les effets peuvent être contradictoires, conditionne l'efficacité de la politique monétaire. Or, tout porte à croire que ces canaux de transmission peuvent différer d'un pays à l'autre, voire d'une période à l'autre pour un même pays, parce que l'organisation institutionnelle des systèmes financiers est différente et qu'elle évolue dans le temps. [eng] Financial Asymmetries and Monetary Policy Transmission by Virginie Coudert and Benoît Mojon . In view of an impending single monetary policy in Europe, it is essential to know whether one and the same monetary policy has a similar effect on national economies. Despite the prevalent use of the interest rate as an instrument by the central banks, there are numerous channels via which monetary policy is transmitted to the real sphere. In addition to the IS-LM channel concerning the money supply and interest rates, and the exchange rate channel with its well-known effect on prices and foreign trade, a credit transmission channel has recently been highlighted by numerous studies. Dependency on bank loans by certain categories of players, households and SMEs, introduces a transmission channel when banks adjust their credit supply in line with the tightness of the monetary policy. The relative weight of these different channels, with their potentially contradictory effects, conditions the efficiency of the monetary policy. Yet there are good grounds for believing that these transmission channels can differ from one country to another and even from one period to another in a single country. This is because the institutional organisation of the financial system differs and changes over time.

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  • Virginie Coudert & Benoît Mojon, 1997. "Asymétries financières et transmission de la politique monétaire en Europe," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 128(2), pages 41-60.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1997_num_128_2_5848
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1997.5848
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1997.5848
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    2. MEZUI-MBENG, Pamphile, 2010. "Tramsission de la politique monétaire: le cas des pays de la CEMAC [Monetary policy transmission: the case of the CEMAC]," MPRA Paper 26032, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Alexis Penot, 2002. "Appréciations et conséquences possibles de l'hétérogénéité structurelle de la zone euro," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 65(1), pages 153-175.
    4. Christophe Blot, 2002. "Les politiques budgétaires au sein de l’UEM : entre convergence et asymétrie," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 69(5), pages 247-268.

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