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Estimated global overweight and obesity burden in pregnant women based on panel data model

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  • Cheng Chen
  • Xianglong Xu
  • Yan Yan

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the global and country-level burden of overweight and obesity among pregnant women from 2005 to 2014. Methods: Publicly accessible country-level data were collected from the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the Food and Agricultural Organization. We estimated the number of overweight and obese pregnant women among 184 countries and determined the time-related trend from 2005 to 2014. Based on panel data model, we determined the effects of food energy supply, urbanization, gross national income and female employment on the number of overweight and obese pregnant women. Results: We estimated that 38.9 million overweight and obese pregnant women and 14.6 million obese pregnant women existed globally in 2014. In upper middle income countries and lower middle income countries, there were sharp increases in the number of overweight and obese pregnant women. In 2014, the percentage of female with overweight and obesity in India was 21.7%, and India had the largest number of overweight and obese pregnant women (4.3 million), which accounted for 11.1% in the world. In the United States of America, a third of women were obese, and the number of obese pregnant women was 1.1 million. In high income countries, caloric supply and urbanization were positively associated with the number of overweight and obese pregnant women. The percentage of employment in agriculture was inversely associated with the number of overweight and obese pregnant women, but only in upper middle income countries and lower middle income countries. Conclusion: The number of overweight and obese pregnant women has increased in high income and middle income countries. Environmental changes could lead to increased caloric supply and decreased energy expenditure among women. National and local governments should work together to create a healthy food environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Cheng Chen & Xianglong Xu & Yan Yan, 2018. "Estimated global overweight and obesity burden in pregnant women based on panel data model," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(8), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0202183
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202183
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2017. "World Development Indicators 2017," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 26447, April.
    2. Chaisiri Angkurawaranon & Wichuda Jiraporncharoen & Boriboon Chenthanakij & Pat Doyle & Dorothea Nitsch, 2014. "Urban Environments and Obesity in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-19, November.
    3. Xin Xu & Jayachandran N Variyam & Zhenxiang Zhao & Frank J Chaloupka, 2014. "Relative Food Prices and Obesity in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: 1976-2001," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-22, December.
    4. Goryakin, Yevgeniy & Rocco, Lorenzo & Suhrcke, Marc, 2017. "The contribution of urbanization to non-communicable diseases: Evidence from 173 countries from 1980 to 2008," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 151-163.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fréget, Louis & Koch Gregersen, Maria, 2025. "Health and Economic Impacts of an Early Labor Induction Policy for High-BMI Mothers," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 2501, CEPREMAP.
    2. Jia-Jing Sun & Li-Yin Chien, 2021. "Decreased Physical Activity during Pregnancy Is Associated with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-11, November.
    3. Cezary Wojtyla & Pawel Stanirowski & Pawel Gutaj & Michal Ciebiera & Andrzej Wojtyla, 2021. "Perinatal Outcomes in a Population of Diabetic and Obese Pregnant Women—The Results of the Polish National Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Maxim Alekseev & Xinjue, Lin, 2025. "rade Policy in the Shadow of Conflict: The Case of Dual-Use Goods," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 2502, CEPREMAP.
    5. Ghosh, Pritam & Rohatgi, Pratima & Bose, Kaushik, 2022. "Determinants of time-trends in exclusivity and continuation of breastfeeding in India: An investigation from the National Family Health Survey," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    6. EunSeok Cha & Michael J. Smart & Betty J. Braxter & Melissa Spezia Faulkner, 2021. "Preconception Care to Reduce the Risks of Overweight and Obesity in Women of Reproductive Age: An Integrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-20, April.
    7. Rodrigo Chamorro & Karla A. Bascuñán & Cynthia Barrera & Jorge Sandoval & Claudia Puigrredon & Rodrigo Valenzuela, 2022. "Reduced n-3 and n-6 PUFA (DHA and AA) Concentrations in Breast Milk and Erythrocytes Phospholipids during Pregnancy and Lactation in Women with Obesity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-13, February.

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