IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/mth/ber888/v7y2017i1p149-167.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring Entrepreneurial Readiness among Youth in Pakistan through Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Based Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Salman Zulfiqar
  • Fahad Asmi
  • Khurram Ejaz Chandia
  • Binesh Sarwar
  • Saira Aziz

Abstract

Purpose; The purpose of this paper is to measure entrepreneurial readiness among youth in Pakistan, through TPB based approach. Design/Methodology/Approach; The data were collected from people who work in different fields like banking sector and education sector of Pakistan. In total 380 questionnaires were circulated among people through the online survey. The IBM Statistics SPSS 23.0 was used to perform statistical analysis. Findings; The research finds that entrepreneurial attitude, social norms and perceived behavioral control have significant positive effect on entrepreneurial readiness among youngsters. Moreover, research shows that entrepreneurial knowledge has significant positive impact on entrepreneurial attitude, social norm and perceived social norm Research Limitations; Research population is the main limitation in this research, small sample size was selected and results were compiled on the basis of this sample size. Originality/value; In these existing economic crises of Pakistan, ¡°Developing Entrepreneurs¡± is one of the important ways to boost financial growth. Youngsters always play an important role in the development of economy and have potential to become future entrepreneurs. Research to check readiness among youngsters to become entrepreneurs in Pakistan is limited. This research has added value in both theory and practice by identifying the factors that can develop students¡¯ intentions to become entrepreneurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Salman Zulfiqar & Fahad Asmi & Khurram Ejaz Chandia & Binesh Sarwar & Saira Aziz, 2017. "Measuring Entrepreneurial Readiness among Youth in Pakistan through Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Based Approach," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 7(1), pages 149-167, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:mth:ber888:v:7:y:2017:i:1:p:149-167
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ber/article/view/11037/8835
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ber/article/view/11037
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sascha O. Becker & Ludger Woessmann, 2009. "Was Weber Wrong? A Human Capital Theory of Protestant Economic History," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 124(2), pages 531-596.
    2. Einar Rasmussen & Simon Mosey & Mike Wright, 2011. "The Evolution of Entrepreneurial Competencies: A Longitudinal Study of University Spin‐Off Venture Emergence," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48, pages 1314-1345, September.
    3. Robert M. Solow, 1956. "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 70(1), pages 65-94.
    4. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    5. T. W. Swan, 1956. "ECONOMIC GROWTH and CAPITAL ACCUMULATION," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 32(2), pages 334-361, November.
    6. Leff, Nathaniel H, 1978. "Industrial Organization and Entrepreneurship in the Developing Countries: The Economic Groups," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 26(4), pages 661-675, July.
    7. Elster, Jon, 1989. "Social Norms and Economic Theory," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 3(4), pages 99-117, Fall.
    8. KruegerJR, Norris F. & Reilly, Michael D. & Carsrud, Alan L., 2000. "Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 15(5-6), pages 411-432.
    9. Martin, Bruce C. & McNally, Jeffrey J. & Kay, Michael J., 2013. "Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 211-224.
    10. Shane, Scott, 1993. "Cultural influences on national rates of innovation," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 59-73, January.
    11. Man, Thomas W. Y. & Lau, Theresa & Chan, K. F., 2002. "The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 123-142, March.
    12. Frederic Delmar & Per Davidsson, 2000. "Where do they come from? Prevalence and characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(1), pages 1-23, January.
    13. Lars Kolvereid, 1996. "Prediction of Employment Status Choice Intentions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 21(1), pages 47-58, October.
    14. Desislava I. Yordanova & Maria-Antonia Tarrazon, 2010. "Gender Differences In Entrepreneurial Intentions: Evidence From Bulgaria," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 15(03), pages 245-261.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. repec:thr:techub:10011:y:2020:i:1:p:339-354 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Ying-Kai Liao & Vu Huu Anh Nguyen & Andrea Caputo, 2022. "Unveiling the role of entrepreneurial knowledge and cognition as antecedents of entrepreneurial intention: a meta-analytic study," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 1623-1652, December.
    3. Pardiman Pardiman & M. Khoirul ABS, 2020. "Entrepreneurial Readiness: What Are The Roles Of Entrepreneurial Education, Environment And Student's Mindset?," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 11(1), pages 339-354, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shirokova, Galina & Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy & Bogatyreva, Karina, 2016. "Exploring the intention–behavior link in student entrepreneurship: Moderating effects of individual and environmental characteristics," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 386-399.
    2. Traikova, Diana, 2013. "Determinants of non-farm entrepreneurial intentions in a transitional context: Evidence from rural Bulgaria," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 72, number 72.
    3. Traikova, Diana & Mollers, Judith & Buchenrieder, Gertrud, 2012. "How Farmers Become Entrepreneurs - Prenatal Diagnostic of Rural Firms in Bulgaria," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126816, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Carlos Bazan, 2022. "Effect of the University’s Environment and Support System on Subjective Social Norms as Precursor of the Entrepreneurial Intention of Students," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(4), pages 21582440221, October.
    5. Fayolle, Alain & Liñán, Francisco, 2014. "The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(5), pages 663-666.
    6. Verheul, Ingrid & Thurik, Roy & Grilo, Isabel & van der Zwan, Peter, 2012. "Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 325-341.
    7. Cuong Nguyen, 2018. "Demographic factors, family background and prior self-employment on entrepreneurial intention - Vietnamese business students are different: why?," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17, December.
    8. Maresch, Daniela & Harms, Rainer & Kailer, Norbert & Wimmer-Wurm, Birgit, 2016. "The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of students in science and engineering versus business studies university programs," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 172-179.
    9. Rachel S. Shinnar & Olivier Giacomin & Frank Janssen, 2012. "Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Intentions: The Role of Gender and Culture," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(3), pages 465-493, May.
    10. Tarek Ben Ali, 2017. "University and Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Investigation in the Tunisian Context," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 76-84.
    11. Giuliano Sansone & Daniele Battaglia & Paolo Landoni & Emilio Paolucci, 2021. "Academic spinoffs: the role of entrepreneurship education," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 369-399, March.
    12. Gümüsay, Ali Aslan & Bohné, Thomas Marc, 2018. "Individual and organizational inhibitors to the development of entrepreneurial competencies in universities," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 363-378.
    13. Renato Passaro & Giuseppe Scandurra & Antonio Thomas, 2017. "The Emergence of Innovative Entrepreneurship: Beyond the Intention — Investigating the Participants in an Academic SUC," International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 14(05), pages 1-22, October.
    14. Laura Padilla-Angulo & René Díaz-Pichardo & Antonio Luis Leal-Rodríguez, 2023. "Are different entrepreneurship-promotion activities equally effective? an analysis by academic year and gender," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 1-25, March.
    15. Mohd Yasir Arafat & Javed Ali & Amit Kumar Dwivedi & Imran Saleem, 2020. "Social and Cognitive Aspects of Women Entrepreneurs: Evidence from India," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 45(4), pages 223-239, December.
    16. Nicolás Contreras-Barraza & Juan Felipe Espinosa-Cristia & Guido Salazar-Sepulveda & Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, 2021. "Entrepreneurial Intention: A Gender Study in Business and Economics Students from Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, April.
    17. Maribel Guerrero & David Urbano, 2014. "Academics’ start-up intentions and knowledge filters: an individual perspective of the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 57-74, June.
    18. Syed Zaheer Abbas, Kazmi & Andras, Nabradi, 2017. "New Venture Creation – The Influence Of Entrepreneurship Education On Students’ Behavior (A Literature – Review Based Study)," APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, AGRIMBA, vol. 11(1-2), September.
    19. Marina Solesvik & Paul Westhead, 2019. "Fostering of Entrepreneurship Competencies and Entrepreneurial Intentions in a Weak Ecosystem," Foresight and STI Governance (Foresight-Russia till No. 3/2015), National Research University Higher School of Economics, vol. 13(4), pages 60-68.
    20. Gabriela Boldureanu & Alina Măriuca Ionescu & Ana-Maria Bercu & Maria Viorica Bedrule-Grigoruță & Daniel Boldureanu, 2020. "Entrepreneurship Education through Successful Entrepreneurial Models in Higher Education Institutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-33, February.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Entrepreneurial Readiness; Perceived Behavioral Control; Entrepreneurial Attitude; Social Norms; Entrepreneurial attitude; Theory of Planned Behavior;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:mth:ber888:v:7:y:2017:i:1:p:149-167. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Technical Support Office (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ber .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.