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Gender Differences In Entrepreneurial Intentions: Evidence From Bulgaria

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  • DESISLAVA I. YORDANOVA

    (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 125 Tsarigradsko Shosse Blvd., bl.3, Sofia, Bulgaria)

  • MARIA-ANTONIA TARRAZON

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici B, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain)

Abstract

Despite the increasing interest in researching female entrepreneurship, little is known about gender differences in pre-venture process and the variables that mediate the relationship between gender and entrepreneurial intentions. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for understanding gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions. Using this framework, we explore gender effects on entrepreneurial intentions and identify factors that may account for the gender gap in entrepreneurial intentions in a sample of Bulgarian university students. Our results show that women have lower entrepreneurial intentions than men. The gender effect on entrepreneurial intentions is fully mediated by perceived behavioral control and partially mediated by perceived subjective norms and attitudes toward entrepreneurship. Policy measures designed to encourage female start-ups should be directed at attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and the link between entrepreneurial intentions and behavior among women.

Suggested Citation

  • Desislava I. Yordanova & Maria-Antonia Tarrazon, 2010. "Gender Differences In Entrepreneurial Intentions: Evidence From Bulgaria," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 15(03), pages 245-261.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:jdexxx:v:15:y:2010:i:03:n:s1084946710001543
    DOI: 10.1142/S1084946710001543
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    Cited by:

    1. Radha Jagannathan & Michael J. Camasso & Bagavan Das & Jale Tosun & Sadagopan Iyengar, 2017. "Family, society and the individual: determinants of entrepreneurial attitudes among youth in Chennai, South India," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Ruth Elias & Wilhelm Leonard & Joshua Mwakujonga, 2018. "Determinants of Owner-manager Competencies for Small Business Operations: Evidence from a Small Restaurant Business in Tanzania," Asian Business Research Journal, Sophia, vol. 3(1), pages 41-47.
    3. Adeshina Olushola Adeniyi & Vangeli Gamede & Evelyn Derera, 2024. "Individual entrepreneurial orientation for entrepreneurial readiness," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Traikova, Diana, 2013. "Determinants of non-farm entrepreneurial intentions in a transitional context: Evidence from rural Bulgaria," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 72, number 72.
    5. Nicolás Contreras-Barraza & Juan Felipe Espinosa-Cristia & Guido Salazar-Sepulveda & Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, 2021. "Entrepreneurial Intention: A Gender Study in Business and Economics Students from Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, April.
    6. Monica Molino & Valentina Dolce & Claudio Giovanni Cortese & Chiara Ghislieri, 2018. "Personality and social support as determinants of entrepreneurial intention. Gender differences in Italy," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, June.
    7. Nguyen, Anh Tuan & Do, Thi Hai Ha & Vu, Thi Bich Thao & Dang, Kim Anh & Nguyen, Hoang Long, 2019. "Factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions among youths in Vietnam," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 186-193.
    8. Marisa Lages & Carla S. Marques & João J. M. Ferreira & Fernando A. F. Ferreira, 2017. "Intrapreneurship and firm entrepreneurial orientation: insights from the health care service industry," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 837-854, September.
    9. Salman Zulfiqar & Fahad Asmi & Khurram Ejaz Chandia & Binesh Sarwar & Saira Aziz, 2017. "Measuring Entrepreneurial Readiness among Youth in Pakistan through Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Based Approach," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 7(1), pages 149-167, June.
    10. Link, Albert N. & Strong, Derek R., 2016. "Gender and Entrepreneurship: An Annotated Bibliography," Foundations and Trends(R) in Entrepreneurship, now publishers, vol. 12(4-5), pages 287-441, September.
    11. Bhairab Chandra Patra & Usha Lenka, 2018. "Entrepreneurial Intentions of Women: A literature review (Intencje przedsiebiorcze kobiet: przeglad literatury)," Research Reports, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 2(28), pages 111-125.
    12. Aleksey I. Shinkevich & Alsu A. Lubnina & Alexey G. Koryakov & Vladimir G. Mikhailov & Ekaterina L. Vodolazhskaya, 2016. "Economic Aspects of Risk Management of Stakeholders Activities," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 6(2), pages 328-332.
    13. Tarek Ben Ali, 2017. "University and Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Investigation in the Tunisian Context," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 76-84.
    14. Purushottam Dhakal & Retha Wiesner & Tek Maraseni, 2022. "When Entrepreneurial Leadership Identity and Passion Meet Venture Growth Intention," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
    15. Traikova, Diana & Mollers, Judith & Buchenrieder, Gertrud, 2012. "How Farmers Become Entrepreneurs - Prenatal Diagnostic of Rural Firms in Bulgaria," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126816, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    16. Michela Loi & Maria Chiara Di Guardo, 2015. "A Start-Up Generation Approach For Teaching Entrepreneurship: An Overview Of Affective Learning Results," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(04), pages 1-16, December.
    17. Shirokova, Galina & Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy & Bogatyreva, Karina, 2016. "Exploring the intention–behavior link in student entrepreneurship: Moderating effects of individual and environmental characteristics," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 386-399.
    18. Giuliano Sansone & Elisa Ughetto & Paolo Landoni, 2021. "Entrepreneurial intention: An analysis of the role of Student-Led Entrepreneurial Organizations," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 399-433, September.
    19. Mohamed Dahlan Ibrahim & Abdullah Al Mamun & Norasmah Othman & Mohd Nor Hakimin Yusoff & Naresh Kumar Samy & Suria Baba & Ahmad Syakir Junoh Ismail & Tengku Mohd Azizuddin Tuan Mahmood & Nik Nor Hafiz, 2019. "The Development of an Entrepreneurship Index for Low-Income Households," Business Perspectives and Research, , vol. 7(1), pages 16-29, January.
    20. Tengku Mohd Azizuddin Tuan Mahmood & Abdullah Al Mamun & Ghazali Bin Ahmad & Mohamed Dahlan Ibrahim, 2019. "Predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions and Pre-Start-Up Behaviour among Asnaf Millennials," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-26, September.

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