IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/compec/v65y2025i6d10.1007_s10614-024-10687-1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Risk Spillover Effects Between the U.S. and Chinese Green Bond Markets: A Threshold Time-Varying Copula-GARCHSK Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Qin Wang

    (Southwest Jiaotong University)

  • Xianhua Li

    (Southwest Jiaotong University)

Abstract

This paper develops a novel time-varying Copula model that conducts a GARCHSK model for marginal modeling and comprises threshold variables to model the joint distribution of returns. The new threshold time-varying Copula-GARCHSK model characterizes the higher-order moments of financial markets over time and captures the time-varying dependence mechanisms during simultaneous rises, oscillations, and simultaneous declines. An empirical analysis of the risk spillover effects between the U.S. and Chinese green bond markets, spanning from May 12, 2015, to June 13, 2023, is conducted using this model. The results show that the proposed threshold time-varying Copula-GARCHSK model effectively investigates the nonlinear time-varying dependence under these three different states and outperforms traditional time-varying Copula models. The asymmetric bidirectional risk spillover effects between the U.S. and Chinese green bond markets are evident with the new model, particularly showing a significant increase in risk spillover intensity when both markets decline simultaneously, with a more pronounced increase in risk spillover from the Chinese green bond market to the U.S. green bond market.

Suggested Citation

  • Qin Wang & Xianhua Li, 2025. "Risk Spillover Effects Between the U.S. and Chinese Green Bond Markets: A Threshold Time-Varying Copula-GARCHSK Approach," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 65(6), pages 3605-3631, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:compec:v:65:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s10614-024-10687-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s10614-024-10687-1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10614-024-10687-1
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10614-024-10687-1?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Contessi, Silvio & De Pace, Pierangelo, 2021. "The international spread of COVID-19 stock market collapses," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    2. Sun, Xiaolei & Liu, Chang & Wang, Jun & Li, Jianping, 2020. "Assessing the extreme risk spillovers of international commodities on maritime markets: A GARCH-Copula-CoVaR approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    3. Meng, Juan & Nie, He & Mo, Bin & Jiang, Yonghong, 2020. "Risk spillover effects from global crude oil market to China’s commodity sectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    4. Mensi, Walid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2017. "Modeling systemic risk and dependence structure between oil and stock markets using a variational mode decomposition-based copula method," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 258-279.
    5. Bai, Lan & Wei, Yu & Wei, Guiwu & Li, Xiafei & Zhang, Songyun, 2021. "Infectious disease pandemic and permanent volatility of international stock markets: A long-term perspective," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    6. Lea Petrella & Alessandro G. Laporta & Luca Merlo, 2019. "Cross-Country Assessment of Systemic Risk in the European Stock Market: Evidence from a CoVaR Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 146(1), pages 169-186, November.
    7. Dai, Zhifeng & Zhang, Xiaotong & Yin, Zhujia, 2023. "Extreme time-varying spillovers between high carbon emission stocks, green bond and crude oil: Evidence from a quantile-based analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    8. Dongming Jiang & Fang Jia, 2022. "Extreme Spillover between Green Bonds and Clean Energy Markets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-15, May.
    9. Su, Tong & Zhang, Zuopeng (Justin) & Lin, Boqiang, 2022. "Green bonds and conventional financial markets in China: A tale of three transmission modes," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    10. Hanif, Waqas & Mensi, Walid & Alomari, Mohammad & Andraz, Jorge Miguel, 2023. "Downside and upside risk spillovers between precious metals and currency markets: Evidence from before and during the COVID-19 crisis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    11. Guo, Dong & Zhou, Peng, 2021. "Green bonds as hedging assets before and after COVID: A comparative study between the US and China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    12. Jiliang Sheng & Juchao Li & Jun Yang, 2022. "Tail Dependency and Risk Spillover between Oil Market and Chinese Sectoral Stock Markets—An Assessment of the 2013 Refined Oil Pricing Reform," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-19, August.
    13. Paul H. Kupiec, 1995. "Techniques for verifying the accuracy of risk measurement models," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 95-24, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    14. Girardi, Giulio & Tolga Ergün, A., 2013. "Systemic risk measurement: Multivariate GARCH estimation of CoVaR," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 3169-3180.
    15. Jiang, Cuixia & Li, Yuqian & Xu, Qifa & Liu, Yezheng, 2021. "Measuring risk spillovers from multiple developed stock markets to China: A vine-copula-GARCH-MIDAS model," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 386-398.
    16. Liang Wang & Tingjia Xu, 2022. "Bidirectional Risk Spillovers between Exchange Rate of Emerging Market Countries and International Crude Oil Price–Based on Time-varing Copula-CoVaR," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 59(1), pages 383-414, January.
    17. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Bouri, Elie & Costa, Mabel D. & Naifar, Nader & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain, 2021. "Energy markets and green bonds: A tail dependence analysis with time-varying optimal copulas and portfolio implications," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    18. Mzoughi, Hela & Urom, Christian & Guesmi, Khaled, 2022. "Downside and upside risk spillovers between green finance and energy markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    19. Wang, Xunxiao & Wang, Yudong, 2019. "Volatility spillovers between crude oil and Chinese sectoral equity markets: Evidence from a frequency dynamics perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 995-1009.
    20. Nyakurukwa, Kingstone & Seetharam, Yudhvir, 2023. "Can textual sentiment partially explain differences in the prices of dual-listed stocks?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PC).
    21. Zhang, Dayong & Hu, Min & Ji, Qiang, 2020. "Financial markets under the global pandemic of COVID-19," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    22. Xin Hu & Bo Zhu & Bokai Zhang & Lidan Zeng, 2024. "Extreme risk spillovers between US and Chinese agricultural futures markets in crises: A dependence-switching copula-CoVaR model," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(3), pages 1-34, March.
    23. Zhu, Pengfei & Tang, Yong & Wei, Yu & Lu, Tuantuan, 2021. "Multidimensional risk spillovers among crude oil, the US and Chinese stock markets: Evidence during the COVID-19 epidemic," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    24. Ji, Qiang & Liu, Bing-Yue & Fan, Ying, 2019. "Risk dependence of CoVaR and structural change between oil prices and exchange rates: A time-varying copula model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 80-92.
    25. Qiang Liu & Chen Xu & Jane Xie, 2024. "Comparative Analysis of Spillover Effects in the Global Stock Market under Normal and Extreme Market Conditions," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, May.
    26. Sugimoto, Kimiko & Matsuki, Takashi & Yoshida, Yushi, 2014. "The global financial crisis: An analysis of the spillover effects on African stock markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 201-233.
    27. Andrew J. Patton, 2006. "Modelling Asymmetric Exchange Rate Dependence," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 47(2), pages 527-556, May.
    28. Yao, Can-Zhong & Li, Min-Jian, 2023. "GARCH-MIDAS-GAS-copula model for CoVaR and risk spillover in stock markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    29. Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Mensi, Walid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Al-Yahyaee, Khamis H., 2018. "Extreme dependence and risk spillovers between oil and Islamic stock markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 42-63.
    30. Zehri, Chokri, 2021. "Stock market comovements: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhu, Pengfei & Tang, Yong & Wei, Yu & Lu, Tuantuan, 2021. "Multidimensional risk spillovers among crude oil, the US and Chinese stock markets: Evidence during the COVID-19 epidemic," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    2. Li, Wei-Zhen & Zhai, Jin-Rui & Jiang, Zhi-Qiang & Wang, Gang-Jin & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2022. "Predicting tail events in a RIA-EVT-Copula framework," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 600(C).
    3. Dai, Yun-Shi & Dai, Peng-Fei & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2023. "Tail dependence structure and extreme risk spillover effects between the international agricultural futures and spot markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    4. Yao, Can-Zhong & Li, Min-Jian, 2023. "GARCH-MIDAS-GAS-copula model for CoVaR and risk spillover in stock markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    5. Jian, Zhihong & Wu, Shuai & Zhu, Zhican, 2018. "Asymmetric extreme risk spillovers between the Chinese stock market and index futures market: An MV-CAViaR based intraday CoVaR approach," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 98-113.
    6. Abuzayed, Bana & Al-Fayoumi, Nedal, 2021. "Risk spillover from crude oil prices to GCC stock market returns: New evidence during the COVID-19 outbreak," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    7. Yang, Lu & Cui, Xue & Yang, Lei & Hamori, Shigeyuki & Cai, Xiaojing, 2023. "Risk spillover from international financial markets and China's macro-economy: A MIDAS-CoVaR-QR model," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 55-69.
    8. Lyu, Yongjian & Zhang, Xinyu & Cao, Jin & Liu, Jiatao & Yang, Mo, 2024. "Quantitative easing and the spillover effects from the crude oil market to other financial markets: Evidence from QE1 to QE3," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    9. Xu, Danyang & Hu, Yang & Corbet, Shaen & Lang, Chunlin, 2024. "Return connectedness of green bonds and financial investment channels in China: Implications for hedging and regulation," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(PA).
    10. Mensi, Walid & Hanif, Waqas & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Choi, Ki-Hong & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2023. "Upside/Downside spillovers between oil and Chinese stock sectors: From the global financial crisis to global pandemic," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    11. Bing‐Yue Liu & Qiang Ji & Duc Khuong Nguyen & Ying Fan, 2021. "Dynamic dependence and extreme risk comovement: The case of oil prices and exchange rates," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 2612-2636, April.
    12. Cui, Jinxin & Maghyereh, Aktham, 2023. "Higher-order moment risk connectedness and optimal investment strategies between international oil and commodity futures markets: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    13. Liu, Xiang-dong & Pan, Fei & Cai, Wen-li & Peng, Rui, 2020. "Correlation and risk measurement modeling: A Markov-switching mixed Clayton copula approach," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    14. Tian, Maoxi & Alshater, Muneer M. & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2022. "Dynamic risk spillovers from oil to stock markets: Fresh evidence from GARCH copula quantile regression-based CoVaR model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    15. Zhou, Wei & Chen, Yan & Chen, Jin, 2022. "Risk spread in multiple energy markets: Extreme volatility spillover network analysis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    16. Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Hernandez, Jose Arreola & Al-Yahyaee, Khamis Hamed & Jammazi, Rania, 2018. "Asymmetric risk spillovers between oil and agricultural commodities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 182-198.
    17. Li, Jingyu & Liu, Ranran & Yao, Yanzhen & Xie, Qiwei, 2022. "Time-frequency volatility spillovers across the international crude oil market and Chinese major energy futures markets: Evidence from COVID-19," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    18. Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Katsiampa, Paraskevi & Zeitun, Rami & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2023. "Conditional dependence structure and risk spillovers between Bitcoin and fiat currencies," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    19. Luo, Changqing & Liu, Lan & Wang, Da, 2021. "Multiscale financial risk contagion between international stock markets: Evidence from EMD-Copula-CoVaR analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    20. Aloui, Riadh & Ben Jabeur, Sami & Mefteh-Wali, Salma, 2022. "Tail-risk spillovers from China to G7 stock market returns during the COVID-19 outbreak: A market and sectoral analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:compec:v:65:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s10614-024-10687-1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.