IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ire/issued/v21n012018p93-112.html

International Diversification in Frontier Real Estate Markets

Author

Listed:
  • Sulaiman T. Al-Abduljader

    (Gulf University for Science and Technology)

Abstract

The paper investigates the effects of international diversification in reducing risk. A test is applied on real estate returns by analyzing global portfolios that invest in the real estate of Gulf Cooperating Countries (GCC). The correlations between markets are not low enough to produce effective diversification. Nine out of the twelve portfolios have produced high enough correlations that when opposite positions (long and short) are taken, only then we begin to see significant reduction in risk. When comparing the effects of the real estate of the GCC with those of the real estate of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) in the context of a global equity portfolio, both the real estate of the GCC and BRIC do not produce diversification benefits when a long position is taken in developed markets. Nonetheless, when taking a long position in the real estate of the GCC, effective diversification is found when taking a short position in the developed markets. A similar case can also be concluded when taking a long position in the real estate of the BRIC countries and shorting the developed markets. The results suggest serious concerns on effective diversification among global investors with the current long only exposure to real estate in the region and suggests the introduction of shorting financial instruments for active hedging and portfolio optimization.

Suggested Citation

  • Sulaiman T. Al-Abduljader, 2018. "International Diversification in Frontier Real Estate Markets," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 21(1), pages 93-112.
    • Handle: RePEc:ire:issued:v:21:n:01:2018:p:93-112
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.gssinst.org/irer/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/v21n1-international-diversification-in-frontier-real-estate-markets.pdf
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andrew F. Cooper & Asif B. Farooq, 2013. "BRICS and the Privileging of Informality in Global Governance," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 4(4), pages 428-433, November.
    2. Joseph B. Oyedele & Alastair Adair & Stanley McGreal, 2014. "Performance of global listed infrastructure investment in a mixed asset portfolio," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(1), pages 1-1, March.
    3. Bohn, Henning & Tesar, Linda L, 1996. "U.S. Equity Investment in Foreign Markets: Portfolio Rebalancing or Return Chasing?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(2), pages 77-81, May.
    4. John Gallo & Ying Zhang, 2010. "Global Property Market Diversification," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 41(4), pages 458-485, November.
    5. Brian A. Ciochetti & Rose Neng Lai & James D. Shilling, 2015. "The Role of Public Markets in International Real Estate Diversification," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 18(2), pages 155-175.
    6. Baxter, Marianne & Jermann, Urban J, 1997. "The International Diversification Puzzle Is Worse Than You Think," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 87(1), pages 170-180, March.
    7. Nahum Biger, 1979. "Exchange Risk Implications of International Portfolio Diversification," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 10(2), pages 63-74, June.
    8. Yang-pin Shen & Chiuling Lu & Zong-Han Lin, 2012. "International Real Estate Mutual Fund Performance: Diversification or Costly Information?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 394-413, April.
    9. Joseph B. Oyedele & Alastair Adair & Stanley McGreal, 2014. "Performance of global listed infrastructure investment in a mixed asset portfolio," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(1), pages 1-25, March.
    10. Richard J. Curcio & James P. Gaines, 1977. "Real Estate Portfolio Revision," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 5(4), pages 399-410, December.
    11. Imad A. Moosa & George B. Tawadros & Terry A. Hallahan, 2015. "The effectiveness of international diversification: whole markets versus sectors," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(6), pages 614-622, February.
    12. Errunza, Vihang & Losq, Etienne, 1985. "International Asset Pricing under Mild Segmentation: Theory and Test," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 40(1), pages 105-124, March.
    13. Crocker H. Liu & Jianping Mei, 1998. "The Predictability of International Real Estate Markets, Exchange Rate Risks and Diversification Consequences," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 26(1), pages 3-39, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yuming Li & Jing Yang, 2020. "Momentum Strategies with Home Price Indices and Stocks," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 23(2), pages 235-266.
    2. Bertrand Candelon & Franz Fuerst & Jean-Baptiste Hasse Pages 126-139 Download PDF Data, Tools and Replication Section, 2021. "Diversification potential in real estate portfolios," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 166, pages 126-139.
    3. Yuming Li & Jing Yang, 2020. "Momentum Strategies with Home Price Indices and Stocks," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 23(2), pages 861-892.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sulaiman T. Al-Abduljader, 2019. "Interdependence of Securitized Real Estate in Frontier Markets," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 22(1), pages 83-108.
    2. repec:ire:issued:v:22:n:01:2019:p:85-110 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Kalok Chan & Vicentiu Covrig & Lilian Ng, 2005. "What Determines the Domestic Bias and Foreign Bias? Evidence from Mutual Fund Equity Allocations Worldwide," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(3), pages 1495-1534, June.
    4. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g70969520 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Coeurdacier, Nicolas & Guibaud, Stéphane, 2011. "International portfolio diversification is better than you think," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 289-308, March.
    6. Karen K. Lewis, 2011. "Global Asset Pricing," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 3(1), pages 435-466, December.
    7. Imad A. Moosa & Talla M. Al-Deehani, 2009. "The Myth of International Diversification," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 62(3), pages 383-406.
    8. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g70969520 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Bekaert, Geert & Harvey, Campbell R., 2003. "Emerging markets finance," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(1-2), pages 3-56, February.
    10. Chan, Kalok & Covrig, Vicentiu, 2012. "What determines mutual fund trading in foreign stocks?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 793-817.
    11. Nicolas Coeurdacier & Hélène Rey, 2010. "Home bias in open economy financial macroeconomics," SciencePo Working papers hal-01069440, HAL.
    12. Lau, Sie Ting & Ng, Lilian & Zhang, Bohui, 2010. "The world price of home bias," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(2), pages 191-217, August.
    13. Ni, Jinlan, 2009. "The effects of portfolio size on international equity home bias puzzle," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 469-478, June.
    14. Thapa, Chandra & Poshakwale, Sunil S., 2012. "Country-specific equity market characteristics and foreign equity portfolio allocation," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 189-211.
    15. Bhamra, Harjoat S. & Coeurdacier, Nicolas & Guibaud, Stéphane, 2014. "A dynamic equilibrium model of imperfectly integrated financial markets," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 490-542.
    16. Tanzeem Hasnat, 2021. "Infrastructure Equity and Firm Performance in India," Millennial Asia, , vol. 12(1), pages 97-115, April.
    17. Stijn Claessens & M Ayhan Kose, 2018. "Frontiers of macrofinancial linkages," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 95, November.
    18. Nicolas Coeurdacier & Hélène Rey, 2013. "Home Bias in Open Economy Financial Macroeconomics," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 51(1), pages 63-115, March.
    19. Hnatkovska, Viktoria, 2010. "Home bias and high turnover: Dynamic portfolio choice with incomplete markets," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(1), pages 113-128, January.
    20. Stijn Claessens & M. Ayhan Kose, 2017. "Asset Prices and Macroeconomic Outcomes: A Survey," CAMA Working Papers 2017-76, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    21. Barron, John M. & Ni, Jinlan, 2008. "Endogenous asymmetric information and international equity home bias: The effects of portfolio size and information costs," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 617-635, June.
    22. Muhammad Jufri Marzuki & Graeme Newell, 2020. "A global investment opportunity in non-listed infrastructure for institutional investors," Journal of Property Investment & Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 39(3), pages 239-255, May.
    23. Frédéric Blanc-Brude & Timothy Whittaker & Simon Wilde, 2017. "Searching for a listed infrastructure asset class using mean–variance spanning," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 31(2), pages 137-179, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • L85 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Real Estate Services

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ire:issued:v:21:n:01:2018:p:93-112. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: IRER Graduate Assistant/Webmaster (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.gssinst.org/gssinst/index.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.