IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ajf/louvlf/2021001.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Diversification Potential in Real Estate Portfolios

Author

Listed:
  • Candelon, Bertrand

    (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/LFIN, Belgium)

  • Fuerst, Franz
  • Hasse, Jean-Baptiste

Abstract

Real estate, despite its spatial fixity, is subject to considerable cross-border investment flows. However, it may be surmised that the diversification potential of international real esta te investments dwindles if markets become increasingly interlinked. Building on a unique dataset of direct real estate markets covering 16 OECD countries over the period 1999-2018, we compare country-level and sector-level diversification potential. We apply a relative Sharpe ratio loss approach and develop a modified version of this measure, relying on the modified Value-at-Risk, which is robust to non-normality. Using a studentized circular blockbootstrap procedure, robust confidence intervals for both measures are built. This new diversification test provides investors and analysts with a valuable tool as it delivers both estimates and robust significance levels. The empirical findings broadly reveal that international diversification strategies outperform sectoral diversification of real estate assets.

Suggested Citation

  • Candelon, Bertrand & Fuerst, Franz & Hasse, Jean-Baptiste, 2021. "Diversification Potential in Real Estate Portfolios," LIDAM Discussion Papers LFIN 2021001, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Finance (LFIN).
    • Handle: RePEc:ajf:louvlf:2021001
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://dial.uclouvain.be/pr/boreal/en/object/boreal%3A243938/datastream/PDF_01/view
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Charles-Olivier Amédée-Manesme & Fabrice Barthélémy & Donald Keenan, 2015. "Cornish-Fisher Expansion for Commercial Real Estate Value at Risk," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 439-464, May.
    2. Martin Hoesli & Kustrim Reka, 2015. "Contagion Channels between Real Estate and Financial Markets," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 43(1), pages 101-138, March.
    3. Brian A. Ciochetti & Rose Neng Lai & James D. Shilling, 2015. "The Role of Public Markets in International Real Estate Diversification," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 18(2), pages 155-175.
    4. Hoesli, Martin & Oikarinen, Elias, 2012. "Are REITs real estate? Evidence from international sector level data," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(7), pages 1823-1850.
    5. Laurent E. Calvet & John Y. Campbell & Paolo Sodini, 2007. "Down or Out: Assessing the Welfare Costs of Household Investment Mistakes," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 115(5), pages 707-747, October.
    6. Camilo Serrano & Martin Hoesli, 2010. "Are Securitized Real Estate Returns more Predictable than Stock Returns?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 41(2), pages 170-192, August.
    7. Dirk Tasche, 2005. "Measuring sectoral diversification in an asymptotic multi-factor framework," Papers physics/0505142, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2006.
    8. Victor Chernozhukov & Iván Fernández-Val & Alfred Galichon, 2010. "Rearranging Edgeworth–Cornish–Fisher expansions," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 42(2), pages 419-435, February.
    9. Hans-Martin Von Gaudecker, 2015. "How Does Household Portfolio Diversification Vary with Financial Literacy and Financial Advice?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(2), pages 489-507, April.
    10. Harry Markowitz, 1952. "Portfolio Selection," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 7(1), pages 77-91, March.
    11. Solnik, Bruno H., 1974. "An equilibrium model of the international capital market," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 500-524, August.
    12. Tang, Ning & Mitchell, Olivia S. & Mottola, Gary R. & Utkus, Stephen P., 2010. "The efficiency of sponsor and participant portfolio choices in 401(k) plans," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(11-12), pages 1073-1085, December.
    13. Sulaiman T. Al-Abduljader, 2018. "International Diversification in Frontier Real Estate Markets," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 21(1), pages 93-112.
    14. Yang Deng & Helen X. H. Bao & Pu Gong, 2018. "Increased Tail Dependence in Global Public Real Estate Markets," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 21(2), pages 145-168.
    15. Laurent E. Calvet & John Y. Campbell & Paolo Sodini, 2009. "Measuring the Financial Sophistication of Households," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(2), pages 393-398, May.
    16. Ledoit, Oliver & Wolf, Michael, 2008. "Robust performance hypothesis testing with the Sharpe ratio," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 850-859, December.
    17. Stephen G Dimmock & Roy Kouwenberg & Olivia S Mitchell & Kim Peijnenburg, 2021. "Household Portfolio Underdiversification and Probability Weighting: Evidence from the Field," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(9), pages 4524-4563.
    18. Ardia, David & Boudt, Kris, 2015. "Testing equality of modified Sharpe ratios," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 13(C), pages 97-104.
    19. Christian Rehring, 2012. "Real Estate in a Mixed‐Asset Portfolio: The Role of the Investment Horizon," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 40(1), pages 65-95, March.
    20. Martin Hoesli & Kustrim Reka, 2013. "Volatility Spillovers, Comovements and Contagion in Securitized Real Estate Markets," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 1-35, July.
    21. Martin Hoesli & Colin Lizieri & Bryan MacGregor, 2008. "The Inflation Hedging Characteristics of US and UK Investments: A Multi-Factor Error Correction Approach," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 183-206, February.
    22. Hartzell, Jay C. & Sun, Libo & Titman, Sheridan, 2014. "Institutional investors as monitors of corporate diversification decisions: Evidence from real estate investment trusts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 61-72.
    23. Kevin C.H. Chiang & Ming-Long Lee & Craig H. Wisen, 2004. "Another Look at the Asymmetric REIT-Beta Puzzle," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 26(1), pages 26-42.
    24. Roche, Hervé & Tompaidis, Stathis & Yang, Chunyu, 2013. "Why does junior put all his eggs in one basket? A potential rational explanation for holding concentrated portfolios," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(3), pages 775-796.
    25. repec:arz:wpaper:eres2012-232 is not listed on IDEAS
    26. Ardia, David & Boudt, Kris, 2018. "The peer performance ratios of hedge funds," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 351-368.
    27. Gregory H. MacKinnon & Ashraf Al Zaman, 2009. "Real Estate for the Long Term: The Effect of Return Predictability on Long‐Horizon Allocations," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 37(1), pages 117-153, March.
    28. James D. Peterson & Cheng‐Ho Hsieh, 1997. "Do Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds Explain Returns on REITs?," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 25(2), pages 321-345, June.
    29. Tien Foo Sing & Zhuang Yao Tan, 2013. "Time‐varying correlations between stock and direct real estate returns," Journal of Property Investment & Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 31(2), pages 179-195, March.
    30. Peter Byrne & Stephen Lee, 2003. "An exploration of the relationship between size, diversification and risk in UK real estate portfolios: 1989-1999," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(2), pages 191-206, January.
    31. Heaney, Richard & Sriananthakumar, Sivagowry, 2012. "Time-varying correlation between stock market returns and real estate returns," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 583-594.
    32. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    33. Turan G. Bali & Stephen J. Brown & K. Ozgur Demirtas, 2013. "Do Hedge Funds Outperform Stocks and Bonds?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(8), pages 1887-1903, August.
    34. Heston, Steven L. & Rouwenhorst, K. Geert, 1994. "Does industrial structure explain the benefits of international diversification?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 3-27, August.
    35. Vitor Leone & Geetha Ravishankar, 2018. "Frontiers of commercial real estate portfolio performance: Are sector-region-efficient diversification strategies a myth or reality?," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(2), pages 95-116, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tchai Tavor, 2024. "The Influence of Airbnb Announcements on North American Capital Markets: Insights for Stakeholders," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, January.
    2. Jean-Baptiste Hasse & Christelle Lecourt & Souhila Siagh, 2023. "Institutional Stock-Bond Portfolios Rebalancing and Financial Stability," AMSE Working Papers 2322, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jacobs, Heiko & Müller, Sebastian & Weber, Martin, 2014. "How should individual investors diversify? An empirical evaluation of alternative asset allocation policies," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 62-85.
    2. Yuming Li & Jing Yang, 2020. "Momentum Strategies with Home Price Indices and Stocks," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 23(2), pages 235-266.
    3. Haffar, Adlane & Le Fur, Éric, 2022. "Time-varying dependence of Bitcoin," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 211-220.
    4. Yuming Li & Jing Yang, 2020. "Momentum Strategies with Home Price Indices and Stocks," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 23(2), pages 861-892.
    5. Gilles Boevi Koumou, 2020. "Diversification and portfolio theory: a review," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 34(3), pages 267-312, September.
    6. Raslan Alzuabi & Sarah Brown & Mark N. Harris & Karl Taylor, 2024. "Modelling the composition of household portfolios: A latent class approach," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(1), pages 243-275, February.
    7. Malavasi, Matteo & Ortobelli Lozza, Sergio & Trück, Stefan, 2021. "Second order of stochastic dominance efficiency vs mean variance efficiency," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(3), pages 1192-1206.
    8. Giovanni Bonaccolto & Massimiliano Caporin & Sandra Paterlini, 2018. "Asset allocation strategies based on penalized quantile regression," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 1-32, January.
    9. Giofré, Maela, 2017. "Financial education, investor protection and international portfolio diversification," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 111-139.
    10. Massimiliano Caporin & Grégory M. Jannin & Francesco Lisi & Bertrand B. Maillet, 2014. "A Survey On The Four Families Of Performance Measures," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(5), pages 917-942, December.
    11. Lassance, Nathan & Vrins, Frédéric, 2021. "Portfolio selection with parsimonious higher comoments estimation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    12. Stephen G Dimmock & Roy Kouwenberg & Olivia S Mitchell & Kim Peijnenburg, 2021. "Household Portfolio Underdiversification and Probability Weighting: Evidence from the Field," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(9), pages 4524-4563.
    13. Marco Nieddu & Lorenzo Pandolfi, 2018. "Cutting Through the Fog: Financial Literacy and the Subjective Value of Financial Assets," CSEF Working Papers 497, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    14. Andrej Gill & Florian Hett & Johannes Tischer, 2022. "Time Inconsistency and Overdraft Use: Evidence from Transaction Data and Behavioral Measurement Experiments," Working Papers 2205, Gutenberg School of Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
    15. Francisco Gomes & Michael Haliassos & Tarun Ramadorai, 2021. "Household Finance," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 59(3), pages 919-1000, September.
    16. Charles-Olivier Amédée-Manesme & Fabrice Barthélémy, 2022. "Proper use of the modified Sharpe ratios in performance measurement: rearranging the Cornish Fisher expansion," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 313(2), pages 691-712, June.
    17. Firth, Chris, 2020. "Protecting investors from themselves: Evidence from a regulatory intervention," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
    18. Castañeda, Pablo & Reus, Lorenzo, 2019. "Suboptimal investment behavior and welfare costs: A simulation based approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 170-180.
    19. Agostino Capponi & Zhaoyu Zhang, 2020. "Risk Preferences and Efficiency of Household Portfolios," Papers 2010.13928, arXiv.org.
    20. Lord Mensah, 2016. "Asset Allocation Brewed Accross African Stock Markets," Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences 3205757, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Portfolio diversification ; Real estate markets;

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • R33 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ajf:louvlf:2021001. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Séverine De Visscher (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/lfuclbe.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.