IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2023i1p101-d1304931.html

Price Competition and Shifting Demand: The Relation between Palm and Coconut Oil Exports

Author

Listed:
  • Bayu Rizky Pratama

    (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea)

  • Dedie Tooy

    (Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Agricultural Faculty, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia)

  • Jonghwa Kim

    (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Despite having a strong production capacity for fresh coconut, Indonesia has a certain deficiency in coconut processing, particularly coconut oil products, which is reflected in the declining market demand rates. The skyrocketing price of palm kernel oil (PKO) had been observed to impact the shifting demand for coconut oil. The cross-price competition with PKO was estimated to uncover the potential market demand for Indonesian coconut oils, especially during the periods of price discrepancies between 2020 and 2022. Thus, our study aimed to analyze the Indonesian coconut oil and palm kernel oil (PKO) market relationship as the markets reacted during the period of price volatility. This study is essential for Indonesian market evaluation, as both commodities are considered to be perfect substitute goods and are similar substances that contain high levels of lauric acid called “lauric oils”. We deployed an ARDL analysis utilizing secondary data from 1964 to 2022, focusing on the cross-price elasticity between coconut oil and PKO prices with the addition of prominent concerned variables. In the long-term estimations, the observational results indicated that the coconut oil and PKO prices had distinctive impacts on Indonesian coconut oil exports of −1.85% and 1.88%, respectively. In the short-term estimations, we found inverse values: the coconut oil price had positive impacts in the short-term period of 1.29% (D1.) and 2.35% (LD.), while the PKO had a negative impact on Indonesian coconut oil exports of −2.17%. This indicated that a PKO price reduction would increase the demand for Indonesian coconut oil exports due to the PKO price volatility and uncertainty perceived by the buyers in the short term. Our study also observed that rival producers, such as the Philippines, had a negative impact (−1.80%), representing the intense competition between Indonesia and the Philippines. Therefore, the Indonesian government has to elevate its coconut oil competitiveness to acquire the potential to expand the market and compete with other major coconut-producing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Bayu Rizky Pratama & Dedie Tooy & Jonghwa Kim, 2023. "Price Competition and Shifting Demand: The Relation between Palm and Coconut Oil Exports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-25, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2023:i:1:p:101-:d:1304931
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/1/101/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/1/101/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pesaran, M.H. & Shin, Y., 1995. "An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9514, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    2. Femenia, Fabienne, . "A Meta-Analysis of the Price and Income Elasticities of Food Demand," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 68(2).
    3. Kojima, Yasutomo & Parcell, Joseph L. & Cain, Jewelwayne S., 2014. "A Demand Model of the Wholesale Vegetable Oils Market in the U.S.A," 2014 Annual Meeting, February 1-4, 2014, Dallas, Texas 162472, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    4. Fredrick Ikpesu & Abraham Emmanuel Okpe, 2019. "Capital inflows, exchange rate and agricultural output in Nigeria," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 1-8, December.
    5. Cheung, Yin-Wong & Sengupta, Rajeswari, 2013. "Impact of exchange rate movements on exports: An analysis of Indian non-financial sector firms," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 231-245.
    6. Hala Hjazeen & Mehdi Seraj & Huseyin Ozdeser, 2021. "The nexus between the economic growth and unemployment in Jordan," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-8, December.
    7. Hansen Tandra & Arif Imam Suroso & Yusman Syaukat & Mukhamad Najib, 2022. "The Determinants of Competitiveness in Global Palm Oil Trade," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-20, June.
    8. Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano & Searle, Stephanie, 2019. "Linking soy oil demand from the US Renewable Fuel Standard to palm oil expansion through an analysis on vegetable oil price elasticities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 19-23.
    9. Campa, Jose Manuel, 2004. "Exchange rates and trade: How important is hysteresis in trade?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 527-548, June.
    10. repec:aen:journl:2008v29-01-a06 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano & Di Gioia, Leonardo & Lamonaca, Emilia, 2021. "Price responsiveness of supply and acreage in the EU vegetable oil markets: Policy implications," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    12. Roberts, Mark J & Tybout, James R, 1997. "The Decision to Export in Colombia: An Empirical Model of Entry with Sunk Costs," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 87(4), pages 545-564, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ariodillah Hidayat & Bernadette Robiani & Taufiq Marwa & Didik Susetyo & Imam Asngari, 2025. "Simultaneous Equation of Concentration, Efficiency, and Competitiveness of Indonesia's CPO Industry: Impacts and Policies," Economia agro-alimentare, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2025(1), pages 39-80.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. M. Padmaja & Subash Sasidharan, 2017. "Sunk Costs, Firm Heterogeneity, Export Market Entry and Exit: Evidence from India," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 15(2), pages 367-393, June.
    2. Mundaca, Gabriela, 2015. "Multi-product firms, exports and exchange rate policies. Evidence from an emerging economy," MPRA Paper 65751, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Giordano, Claire & Lopez-Garcia, Paloma, 2019. "Firm heterogeneity and trade in EU countries: a cross-country analysis," Occasional Paper Series 225, European Central Bank.
    4. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/9941 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Alvarez, Roberto, 2007. "Explaining Export Success: Firm Characteristics and Spillover Effects," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 377-393, March.
    6. Doireann Fitzgerald & Stefanie Haller, 2014. "Exporters and Shocks: Dissecting the International Elasticity Puzzle," Working Papers 201408, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    7. Bruce A. Blonigen & Lionel Fontagné & Nicholas Sly & Farid Toubal, 2019. "Cherries for Sale: The Incidence and Timing of Cross-border M&A," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Foreign Direct Investment, chapter 4, pages 121-177, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    8. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/9948 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Yue Jin & Chen Chen & Zhanyi Shi, 2021. "Spillover Effect of FDI on Food Exports: Based on Firm-Level Analysis in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, April.
    10. Haeng-Sun KIM, 2016. "Firms' leverage and export market participation: Evidence from South Korea," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 148, pages 41-58.
    11. Fabio Gaetano Santeramo & Dragan Miljkovic & Emilia Lamonaca, 2021. "Agri-food trade and climate change," Economia agro-alimentare, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 23(1), pages 1-18.
    12. Sarah Guillou, 2008. "Exports and exchange rate : a firm-level investigation," Working Papers hal-00973044, HAL.
    13. David Aboagye Danquah & Emmanuel Mensah & Charles Barnor, 2025. "Optimizing foreign direct investment for sustainable trade balance improvement: the case of a developing economy," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 1-26, March.
    14. Bernabe Lopez‐Martin, 2022. "Firm Export Dynamics And The Exchange Rate: A Quantitative Exploration," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 63(3), pages 1137-1163, August.
    15. Ansgar Belke & Matthias Göcke & Martin Günther, 2013. "Exchange Rate Bands Of Inaction And Play-Hysteresis In German Exports—Sectoral Evidence For Some Oecd Destinations," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 64(1), pages 152-179, February.
    16. Juan A. Sanchis Llopis & Silviano Juan A. Mañez Castillejo & Andrés Mauricio Gómez-Sánchez, 2022. "The dynamic linkages between exporting and importing in Colombian manufacturing," Working Papers 2203, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia.
    17. Cassiman, Bruno & Golovko, Elena & Martínez-Ros, Ester, 2010. "Innovation, exports and productivity," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 372-376, July.
    18. Fabio G. Santeramo & Monica Delsignore & Enrica Imbert & Mariarosaria Lombardi, 2023. "The Future of the EU Bioenergy Sector: Economic, Environmental, Social, and Legislative Challenges," International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, now publishers, vol. 17(1), pages 1-1–52, April.
    19. Boehe, Dirk Michael, 2014. "Strategic hedging: Evidence from Brazilian exporters," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 290-300.
    20. Greenaway, David & Guariglia, Alessandra & Kneller, Richard, 2007. "Financial factors and exporting decisions," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(2), pages 377-395, November.
    21. Cavallari, Lilia, 2015. "Entry costs and the dynamics of business formation," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 312-326.
    22. Nihan Nur Akhan & Anil Donmez & Refik Erzan & Tolga Umut Kuzubas, 2018. "Exchange Rates and Export Behavior: Firm-level Evidence from Turkey," Working Papers 2018/02, Bogazici University, Department of Economics.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2023:i:1:p:101-:d:1304931. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.