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Evaluation of Carbon Emission Factors in the Cement Industry: An Emerging Economy Context

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  • Mohammad Zahirul Khaiyum

    (Industrial Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada)

  • Sudipa Sarker

    (The Business School, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH14 1DJ, UK)

  • Golam Kabir

    (Industrial Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada)

Abstract

The cement industry is a major contributor to carbon emissions, responsible for 5–8% of global emissions. This industry is expanding, particularly in emerging economies, and it is expected that CO 2 emissions will rise by 4% by 2050. To address this critical concern, this paper identifies ten factors that contribute to carbon emissions in the cement production process through an extensive literature review and prioritises these factors using the Bayesian best–worst method. The data was gathered by conducting a methodical online survey with seven cement industry professionals in Bangladesh, with the aim of gaining insights into the emerging economy. The results illustrate that fuel burning and electricity consumption are the two greatest contributors to CO 2 emissions in the cement production process. This research provides guidelines for cement industries in emerging economies on how to reduce CO 2 emissions as well as suggesting areas of future research for sustainable cement production.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Zahirul Khaiyum & Sudipa Sarker & Golam Kabir, 2023. "Evaluation of Carbon Emission Factors in the Cement Industry: An Emerging Economy Context," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:21:p:15407-:d:1269772
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bablu Kumar Dhar & Sabrina Maria Sarkar & Foster K. Ayittey, 2022. "Impact of social responsibility disclosure between implementation of green accounting and sustainable development: A study on heavily polluting companies in Bangladesh," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(1), pages 71-78, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luísa Marques & Maria Vieira & José Condeço & Carlos Henriques & Maria Mateus, 2024. "A Mini-Review on Recent Developments and Improvements in CO 2 Catalytic Conversion to Methanol: Prospects for the Cement Plant Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-23, October.
    2. Rimvydas Kaminskas & Irmantas Barauskas & Skomantas Uselis & Brigita Savickaite, 2025. "Binary Supplementary Cementitious Material from Expanded Clay Production Dust and Opoka," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-12, January.
    3. Mohamed Lyes Kamel Khouadjia & Sara Bensalem & Cherif Belebchouche & Abderrachid Boumaza & Salim Hamlaoui & Slawomir Czarnecki, 2025. "Sustainable Geopolymer Tuff Composites Utilizing Iron Powder Waste: Rheological and Mechanical Performance Evaluation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-17, February.

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