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Investigating Smart City Development Based on Green Buildings, Electrical Vehicles and Feasible Indicators

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  • Armin Razmjoo

    (Escola Técnica Superior dÉnginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Meysam Majidi Nezhad

    (Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energy Engineering (DIAEE), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy)

  • Lisa Gakenia Kaigutha

    (Department of Math’s, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, North Umbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK)

  • Mousa Marzband

    (Department of Math’s, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, North Umbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
    Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Seyedali Mirjalili

    (Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Optimisation (AIRO), Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
    Yonsei Frontier Lab (YFL), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Mehdi Pazhoohesh

    (School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK)

  • Saim Memon

    (Solar Thermal Vacuum Engineering Research Group, London Centre for Energy Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK)

  • Mehdi A. Ehyaei

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis New City 1468995513, Iran)

  • Giuseppe Piras

    (Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energy Engineering (DIAEE), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy)

Abstract

With a goal of achieving net-zero emissions by developing Smart Cities (SCs) and industrial decarbonization, there is a growing desire to decarbonize the renewable energy sector by accelerating green buildings (GBs) construction, electric vehicles (EVs), and ensuring long-term stability, with the expectation that emissions will need to be reduced by at least two thirds by 2035 and by at least 90% by 2050. Implementing GBs in urban areas and encouraging the use of EVs are cornerstones of transition towards SCs, and practical actions that governments can consider to help with improving the environment and develop SCs. This paper investigates different aspects of smart cities development and introduces new feasible indicators related to GBs and EVs in designing SCs, presenting existing barriers to smart cities development, and solutions to overcome them. The results demonstrate that feasible and achievable policies such as the development of the zero-energy, attention to design parameters, implementation of effective indicators for GBs and EVs, implementing strategies to reduce the cost of production of EVs whilst maintaining good quality standards, load management, and integrating EVs successfully into the electricity system, are important in smart cities development. Therefore, strategies to governments should consider the full dynamics and potential of socio-economic and climate change by implementing new energy policies on increasing investment in EVs, and GBs development by considering energy, energy, techno-economic, and environmental benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Armin Razmjoo & Meysam Majidi Nezhad & Lisa Gakenia Kaigutha & Mousa Marzband & Seyedali Mirjalili & Mehdi Pazhoohesh & Saim Memon & Mehdi A. Ehyaei & Giuseppe Piras, 2021. "Investigating Smart City Development Based on Green Buildings, Electrical Vehicles and Feasible Indicators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7808-:d:593269
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    2. Ren, Yi-Shuai & Ma, Chao-Qun & Chen, Xun-Qi & Lei, Yu-Tian & Wang, Yi-Ran, 2023. "Sustainable finance and blockchain: A systematic review and research agenda," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    3. Simona Bălășescu & Nicoleta Andreea Neacșu & Anca Madar & Alexandra Zamfirache & Marius Bălășescu, 2022. "Research of the Smart City Concept in Romanian Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-24, August.
    4. Fabienne T. Schiavo & Rodrigo F. Calili & Claudio F. de Magalhães & Isabel C. G. Fróes, 2021. "The Meaning of Electric Cars in the Context of Sustainable Transition in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-24, October.
    5. Lydia Chu, 2023. "Why Do Consumers Buy Green Smart Buildings without Engaging in Energy-Saving Behaviors in the Workplace? The Perspective of Materialistic Value," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-9, June.
    6. Paul Plachinda & Julia Morgan & Maria Coelho, 2022. "Towards Net Zero: Modeling Approach to the Right-Sized Facilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Mattia De Rosa & Vincenzo Bianco & Henrik Barth & Patricia Pereira da Silva & Carlos Vargas Salgado & Fabiano Pallonetto, 2023. "Technologies and Strategies to Support Energy Transition in Urban Building and Transportation Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-16, May.
    8. Yellapragada Venkata Pavan Kumar & Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao & Kottala Padma & Challa Pradeep Reddy & Darsy John Pradeep & Aymen Flah & Habib Kraiem & Michał Jasiński & Srete Nikolovski, 2022. "Fuzzy Hysteresis Current Controller for Power Quality Enhancement in Renewable Energy Integrated Clusters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    9. Sorin-George Toma & Cătălin Grădinaru & Oana-Simona Hudea & Andra Modreanu, 2023. "Perceptions and Attitudes of Generation Z Students towards the Responsible Management of Smart Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-40, September.
    10. Hsiao-Hsien Lin & I-Cheng Hsu & Tzu-Yun Lin & Le-Ming Tung & Ying Ling, 2022. "After the Epidemic, Is the Smart Traffic Management System a Key Factor in Creating a Green Leisure and Tourism Environment in the Move towards Sustainable Urban Development?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-22, March.

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