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Potential impacts assessment of plug-in electric vehicles on the Portuguese energy market

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  • Camus, C.
  • Farias, T.
  • Esteves, J.

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which obtain their fuel from the grid by charging a battery, are set to be introduced into the mass market and expected to contribute to oil consumption reduction. In this research, scenarios for 2020 EVs penetration and charging profiles are studied integrated with different hypotheses for electricity production mix. The impacts in load profiles, spot electricity prices and emissions are obtained for the Portuguese case study. Simulations for year 2020, in a scenario of low hydro production and high prices, resulted in energy costs for EVs recharge of 20cents/kWh, with 2 million EVs charging mainly at evening peak hours. On the other hand, in an off-peak recharge, a high hydro production and low wholesale prices' scenario, recharge costs could be reduced to 5.6cents/kWh. In these extreme cases, EV's energy prices were between 0.9⬠to 3.2⬠per 100km. Reductions in primary energy consumption, fossil fuels use and CO2 emissions of up to 3%, 14% and 10%, respectively, were verified (for a 2 million EVs' penetration and a dry year's off-peak recharge scenario) from the transportation and electricity sectors together when compared with a BAU scenario without EVs.

Suggested Citation

  • Camus, C. & Farias, T. & Esteves, J., 2011. "Potential impacts assessment of plug-in electric vehicles on the Portuguese energy market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 5883-5897, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:39:y:2011:i:10:p:5883-5897
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    1. Zulkarnain & Pekka Leviäkangas & Tuomo Kinnunen & Pekka Kess, 2014. "The Electric Vehicles Ecosystem Model: Construct, Analysis and Identification of Key Challenges," Managing Global Transitions, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper, vol. 12(3 (Fall)), pages 253-277.
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    12. Soares, N. & Martins, A.G. & Carvalho, A.L. & Caldeira, C. & Du, C. & Castanheira, É. & Rodrigues, E. & Oliveira, G. & Pereira, G.I. & Bastos, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Ribeiro, L.A. & Figueiredo, N.C. & , 2018. "The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 171-193.
    13. Pfeifer, Antun & Krajačić, Goran & Haas, Reinhard & Duić, Neven, 2020. "Consequences of different strategic decisions of market coupled zones on the development of energy systems based on coal and hydropower," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    14. Drude, Lukas & Pereira Junior, Luiz Carlos & Rüther, Ricardo, 2014. "Photovoltaics (PV) and electric vehicle-to-grid (V2G) strategies for peak demand reduction in urban regions in Brazil in a smart grid environment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 443-451.
    15. Yumiko Iwafune & Kazuhiko Ogimoto & Hitoshi Azuma, 2019. "Integration of Electric Vehicles into the Electric Power System Based on Results of Road Traffic Census," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, May.
    16. Gönül, Ömer & Duman, A. Can & Güler, Önder, 2021. "Electric vehicles and charging infrastructure in Turkey: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    17. Weiwei Chen & Maozeng Xu & Qingsong Xing & Ligang Cui & Liudan Jiao, 2020. "A Fuzzy Demand-Profit Model for the Sustainable Development of Electric Vehicles in China from the Perspective of Three-Level Service Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-18, August.
    18. Sánchez-Braza, Antonio & Cansino, José M. & Lerma, Enrique, 2014. "Main drivers for local tax incentives to promote electric vehicles: The Spanish case," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 1-9.
    19. Camus, Cristina & Farias, Tiago, 2012. "The electric vehicles as a mean to reduce CO2 emissions and energy costs in isolated regions. The São Miguel (Azores) case study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 153-165.
    20. Wojciech Lewicki & Wojciech Drozdz & Piotr Wroblewski & Krzysztof Zarna, 2021. "The Road to Electromobility in Poland: Consumer Attitude Assessment," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 1), pages 28-39.
    21. Schücking, Maximilian & Jochem, Patrick & Fichtner, Wolf & Wollersheim, Olaf & Stella, Kevin, 2017. "Charging strategies for economic operations of electric vehicles in commercial applications," MPRA Paper 91599, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    22. José M. Cansino & Antonio Sánchez-Braza & Teresa Sanz-Díaz, 2018. "Policy Instruments to Promote Electro-Mobility in the EU28: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-27, July.
    23. Margaret Armstrong & Charles El Hajj Moussa & Alain Galli & Philippe Rivière & Jérôme Adnot, 2012. "Optimal Recharging Strategy for Battery-Switch Stations for Electric Vehicles in France," Working Papers hal-00750257, HAL.

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    Keywords

    Energy Market Electric vehicles;

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