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Optimal recharging strategy for battery-switch stations for electric vehicles in France

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  • Armstrong, M.
  • El Hajj Moussa, C.
  • Adnot, J.
  • Galli, A.
  • Riviere, P.

Abstract

Most papers that study the recharging of electric vehicles focus on charging the batteries at home and at the work-place. The alternative is for owners to exchange the battery at a specially equipped battery switch station (BSS). This paper studies strategies for the BSS to buy and sell the electricity through the day-ahead market. We determine what the optimal strategies would have been for a large fleet of EVs in 2010 and 2011, for the V2G and the G2V cases. These give the amount that the BSS should offer to buy or sell each hour of the day. Given the size of the fleet, the quantities of electricity bought and sold will displace the market equilibrium. Using the aggregate offers to buy and the bids to sell on the day-ahead market, we compute what the new prices and volumes transacted would be. While buying electricity for the G2V case incurs a cost, it would have been possible to generate revenue in the V2G case, if the arrivals of the EVs had been evenly spaced during the day. Finally, we compare the total cost of implementing the strategies with the cost of buying the same quantity of electricity from EDF.

Suggested Citation

  • Armstrong, M. & El Hajj Moussa, C. & Adnot, J. & Galli, A. & Riviere, P., 2013. "Optimal recharging strategy for battery-switch stations for electric vehicles in France," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 569-582.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:60:y:2013:i:c:p:569-582
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.089
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Luo, Yugong & Zhu, Tao & Wan, Shuang & Zhang, Shuwei & Li, Keqiang, 2016. "Optimal charging scheduling for large-scale EV (electric vehicle) deployment based on the interaction of the smart-grid and intelligent-transport systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 359-368.
    2. Fabrice Locment & Manuela Sechilariu, 2015. "Modeling and Simulation of DC Microgrids for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-22, May.
    3. Cui, Dingsong & Wang, Zhenpo & Liu, Peng & Wang, Shuo & Dorrell, David G. & Li, Xiaohui & Zhan, Weipeng, 2023. "Operation optimization approaches of electric vehicle battery swapping and charging station: A literature review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    4. Liang, Yanni & Zhang, Xingping, 2018. "Battery swap pricing and charging strategy for electric taxis in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 561-577.
    5. Bonges, Henry A. & Lusk, Anne C., 2016. "Addressing electric vehicle (EV) sales and range anxiety through parking layout, policy and regulation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 63-73.
    6. Niesten, Eva & Alkemade, Floortje, 2016. "How is value created and captured in smart grids? A review of the literature and an analysis of pilot projects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 629-638.
    7. Noemi Piricz & Peter Bajor & Csilla Fejes, 2017. "The Role Of Consumer Involvement In Optimizing The Electricity Supply Chain - Smart Grids, Smart Cars, Smart Consumers?," Business Logistics in Modern Management, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Economics, Croatia, vol. 17, pages 251-263.
    8. Zhang, Jie & Bai, Lihui & Jin, Tongdan, 2021. "Joint planning for battery swap and supercharging networks with priority service queues," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    9. Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin & Pesiridis, Apostolos & Rajoo, Srithar & Martinez-Botas, Ricardo & Esfahanian, Vahid, 2017. "A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 414-430.

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