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Modeling and Simulation of DC Microgrids for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Author

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  • Fabrice Locment

    (Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, EA 7284 AVENUES, Centre Pierre Guillaumat CS 60319, Compiègne 60203 Cedex, France
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Manuela Sechilariu

    (Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, EA 7284 AVENUES, Centre Pierre Guillaumat CS 60319, Compiègne 60203 Cedex, France
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

This paper focuses on the evaluation of theoretical and numerical aspects related to an original DC microgrid power architecture for efficient charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The proposed DC microgrid is based on photovoltaic array (PVA) generation, electrochemical storage, and grid connection; it is assumed that PEVs have a direct access to their DC charger input. As opposed to conventional power architecture designs, the PVA is coupled directly on the DC link without a static converter, which implies no DC voltage stabilization, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing control complexity. Based on a real-time rule-based algorithm, the proposed power management allows self-consumption according to PVA power production and storage constraints, and the public grid is seen only as back-up. The first phase of modeling aims to evaluate the main energy flows within the proposed DC microgrid architecture and to identify the control structure and the power management strategies. For this, an original model is obtained by applying the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism, which allows deducing the control design using Maximum Control Structure. The second phase of simulation is based on the numerical characterization of the DC microgrid components and the energy management strategies, which consider the power source requirements, charging times of different PEVs, electrochemical storage ageing, and grid power limitations for injection mode. The simulation results show the validity of the model and the feasibility of the proposed DC microgrid power architecture which presents good performance in terms of total efficiency and simplified control.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabrice Locment & Manuela Sechilariu, 2015. "Modeling and Simulation of DC Microgrids for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:5:p:4335-4356:d:49569
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Richardson, David B., 2013. "Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, Impacts, and renewable energy integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 247-254.
    2. Houssamo, Issam & Locment, Fabrice & Sechilariu, Manuela, 2010. "Maximum power tracking for photovoltaic power system: Development and experimental comparison of two algorithms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 2381-2387.
    3. Armstrong, M. & El Hajj Moussa, C. & Adnot, J. & Galli, A. & Riviere, P., 2013. "Optimal recharging strategy for battery-switch stations for electric vehicles in France," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 569-582.
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    Cited by:

    1. Singh, Bharat & Kumar, Ashwani, 2023. "Optimal energy management and feasibility analysis of hybrid renewable energy sources with BESS and impact of electric vehicle load with demand response program," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    2. Bhatti, Abdul Rauf & Salam, Zainal, 2018. "A rule-based energy management scheme for uninterrupted electric vehicles charging at constant price using photovoltaic-grid system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 384-400.
    3. Aiswariya Sekar & Dhanasekaran Raghavan, 2015. "Implementation of Single Phase Soft Switched PFC Converter for Plug-in-Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-16, November.
    4. Jianjun Sun & Chenxu Yin & Jinwu Gong & Yewei Chen & Zhiqiang Liao & Xiaoming Zha, 2017. "A Stable and Fast-Transient Performance Switched-Mode Power Amplifier for a Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-19, October.
    5. Xiaoming Zha & Chenxu Yin & Jianjun Sun & Meng Huang & Qionglin Li, 2016. "Improving the Stability and Accuracy of Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Using Virtual Impedance Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-16, November.
    6. Ferahtia, Seydali & Houari, Azeddine & Cioara, Tudor & Bouznit, Mohammed & Rezk, Hegazy & Djerioui, Ali, 2024. "Recent advances on energy management and control of direct current microgrid for smart cities and industry: A Survey," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    7. Hakim Azaioud & Robbert Claeys & Jos Knockaert & Lieven Vandevelde & Jan Desmet, 2021. "A Low-Voltage DC Backbone with Aggregated RES and BESS: Benefits Compared to a Traditional Low-Voltage AC System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-28, March.
    8. Dominic Savio Abraham & Balaji Chandrasekar & Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam & Pradeep Vishnuram & Venkatesan Ramakrishnan & Mohit Bajaj & Marian Piecha & Vojtech Blazek & Lukas Prokop, 2023. "Fuzzy-Based Efficient Control of DC Microgrid Configuration for PV-Energized EV Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-17, March.
    9. Manuela Sechilariu & Fabrice Locment & Baochao Wang, 2015. "Photovoltaic Electricity for Sustainable Building. Efficiency and Energy Cost Reduction for Isolated DC Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-23, July.
    10. García-Triviño, Pablo & Torreglosa, Juan P. & Fernández-Ramírez, Luis M. & Jurado, Francisco, 2016. "Control and operation of power sources in a medium-voltage direct-current microgrid for an electric vehicle fast charging station with a photovoltaic and a battery energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 38-48.
    11. Bin Ye & Jingjing Jiang & Lixin Miao & Peng Yang & Ji Li & Bo Shen, 2015. "Feasibility Study of a Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-19, November.
    12. Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja & Daniel Gonzalez-Montoya & Gerardo Alcalá & Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, 2020. "Energy Management in PV Based Microgrids Designed for the Universidad Nacional de Colombia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-24, February.
    13. Amruta V. Kulkarni & Weiqiang Chen & Ali M. Bazzi, 2016. "Implementation of Rapid Prototyping Tools for Power Loss and Cost Minimization of DC-DC Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-35, July.
    14. Paul Stewart & Chris Bingham, 2016. "Electrical Power and Energy Systems for Transportation Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-3, July.
    15. Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja & Juan David Bastidas-Rodríguez & Daniel González & Santiago Acevedo & Julián Peláez-Restrepo, 2017. "Design and Control of a Buck–Boost Charger-Discharger for DC-Bus Regulation in Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-26, November.
    16. Javier Solano & Diego Jimenez & Adrian Ilinca, 2020. "A Modular Simulation Testbed for Energy Management in AC/DC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-23, August.
    17. Matej Tkac & Martina Kajanova & Peter Bracinik, 2023. "A Review of Advanced Control Strategies of Microgrids with Charging Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-25, September.

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