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Sustainable Feasibility of the Environmental-Friendly Policies on Agriculture and Its Related Sectors in India

Author

Listed:
  • Jahira Debbarma

    (Program in Industrial Security Governance, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Korea)

  • Hyoungsuk Lee

    (Business School, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China)

  • Yongrok Choi

    (Program in Industrial Security Governance, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Korea)

Abstract

In terms of economic development and feeding the world’s populations, the importance of the agricultural sector is well known. However, agriculture and its related sectors are also known for contributing more than one-quarter of the world’s GHG emissions. To address this issue, we evaluate the performance of agriculture and its related firms in India from 2013 to 2019 with its environmental efficiency under the paradigm shift promoted by the National Agroforestry Policy in 2014. To evaluate the feasibility of this paradigm shift in agricultural policy, the non-radial slack-based measure (SBM) is utilized in the first stage, and Tobit regressions are used to assess the determinants of efficiency (or sources of inefficiency) measures at the second stage. The results from non-radial SBM show that Indian agricultural firms (foreign direct investment, private, and public) show huge potential with 32.2% on average to enhance their performance if they move toward the frontier of the production possibility curve. This suggests that Indian policymakers should regulate much stronger regulations for firms, especially for the use of agricultural inputs such as energy (fertilizers), with performance-oriented financial measures for sustainable agriculture. To determine the strategic variables for these firms to enhance their performance, Tobit regressions showed that fertilizers use (−3.350%) appears to have the highest negative impact on environmental efficiency. On the other hand, credit access (2.710%) has the highest positive impact on environmental efficiency, implying that policymakers should provide subsidies to firms in the form of soft loans (or credit access) for the purchase of high-quality fertilizers and to adopt energy-saving equipment/technology to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers in India.

Suggested Citation

  • Jahira Debbarma & Hyoungsuk Lee & Yongrok Choi, 2021. "Sustainable Feasibility of the Environmental-Friendly Policies on Agriculture and Its Related Sectors in India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6680-:d:573694
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yongrok Choi & Hyoungsuk Lee & Hojin Jeong & Jahira Debbarma, 2023. "Urbanization Paradox of Environmental Policies in Korean Local Governments," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Leonidas Sotirios Kyrgiakos & Georgios Kleftodimos & George Vlontzos & Panos M. Pardalos, 2023. "A systematic literature review of data envelopment analysis implementation in agriculture under the prism of sustainability," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 1-38, March.
    3. Jahira Debbarma & Vikas Kumar & Damilola Ekundayo, 2025. "Measuring Carbon Emission Efficiency in a Developing Country: A Comparative Study of Sustainability Initiatives and Nonsustainability Initiatives of Manufacturing Firms," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(8), pages 9672-9699, December.
    4. Liyan Yu & Shuying Chen & Sikai Wang, 2025. "The Impact of Green Finance on Agricultural Pollution: Analysis of the Roles of Farmer Behavior, Digital Infrastructure, and Innovation Capability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-25, July.

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