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Does Air Pollution Affect Health and Medical Insurance Cost in the Elderly: An Empirical Evidence from China

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  • Tianlei Pi

    (School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China)

  • Hongyan Wu

    (School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China)

  • Xiaotong Li

    (Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China)

Abstract

In recent years, the health conditions of the elderly (the middle-aged and the old, which for this study means people over 50 years of age) have deteriorated along with the aggravation of air pollution, which led to the change of medical insurance costs. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in developing countries, such as China. A total of 15,892 research subjects from 56 prefecture-level cities in 23 provinces were collected from the database of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). We investigated the effects of air pollution, physical health, and medical insurance costs among three mechanisms using logistics and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) hybrid cross-sectional regression, and we conducted a robust test. Overall, two pollutants, namely, PM10 and NO 2 , respectively showed an “inverted U-shaped” and “positive U-shaped” influencing path to health. In addition, when we studied the mechanism of air pollution affecting medical insurance costs, we found that air pollution can affect medical insurance costs through affecting self-rated health, and that the impact path is related to different diseases to some extent. At the same time, there was a certain negative correlation between air pollution and medical insurance: The higher the degree of air pollution, the worse the self-rated health, and the fewer opportunities there are to purchase medical insurance. It can be seen that air pollution affects the physical health of middle-aged and elderly people, thus indirectly and negatively affecting the medical insurance cost. Further research also found that the types of air pollutants in southern and northern China showed some differences. Specifically, NO 2 and SO 2 were the pollutants that harm the health of the elderly in the south and north, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Tianlei Pi & Hongyan Wu & Xiaotong Li, 2019. "Does Air Pollution Affect Health and Medical Insurance Cost in the Elderly: An Empirical Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-49, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:1526-:d:213562
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Lingdi Zhao & Minghui Lu & Haixia Wang, 2024. "Research on the Effect of the Healthy Cities Pilot Policy on the Labor Supply Time of Middle-Aged and Elderly Workers in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Qiaolong Huang & Yu Yvette Zhang & Qin Chen & Manxiu Ning, 2021. "Does Air Pollution Decrease Labor Supply of the Rural Middle-Aged and Elderly?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Ramesh Chandra Das & Enrico Ivaldi, 2021. "Is Pollution a Cost to Health? Theoretical and Empirical Inquiry for the World’s Leading Polluting Economies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Wenxia Zhao, 2020. "Effect of air pollution on household insurance purchases. Evidence from China household finance survey data," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(11), pages 1-11, November.
    5. Boqiang Lin & Kai Wei, 2022. "Does Use of Solid Cooking Fuels Increase Family Medical Expenses in China?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-17, January.
    6. Changfeng Shi & Xinhui Liu & Min Gu & Qinghua Pang & Zhen Shi, 2021. "Evaluation of the impact of energy utilization and PM on respiratory health in China," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(3), pages 380-402, May.

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