IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v10y2018i5p1439-d144751.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Construction of the Belt and Road Trade Cooperation Network from the Multi-Distances Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Xiu-Mei Fu

    (College of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Han-Xue Chen

    (College of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Zhen-Kai Xue

    (College of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

Abstract

Based on the cooperation network formation theory, a Belt and Road trade cooperation network was constructed from the multi-distances perspective under the backdrop of the Belt and Road initiative. The geographic, factor endowment, cultural, and institutional distances were selected as variables from the aspects of geography, economy, culture, and politics to expand the gravity model. With this model, an empirical test was conducted using the data from China’s export trade flows to Belt and Road countries from 2007 to 2016. The results showed that a Belt and Road country had greater trade flows from China when it had smaller geographic, factor endowment, and cultural distance and greater institutional distance from China. Based on the empirical results, we improved the comprehensive index method to measure the comprehensive distance indices between China and the Belt and Road countries. According to the comprehensive distance indices, these countries could be divided into four cooperation circles, in which the prioritized countries in the different phases were identified. Subsequently, the cooperation network construction was designed in four stages to gradually build an all-round, multi-level, and all-encompassing trade cooperation network between China and the Belt and Road countries. Eventually, based on the above consideration, policy suggestions are provided for the construction of such a network.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiu-Mei Fu & Han-Xue Chen & Zhen-Kai Xue, 2018. "Construction of the Belt and Road Trade Cooperation Network from the Multi-Distances Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:1439-:d:144751
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1439/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1439/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gabriel J. Felbermayr & Benjamin Jung & Farid Toubal, 2010. "Ethnic Networks, Information, and International Trade: Revisiting the Evidence," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 97-98, pages 41-70.
    2. Juliana Lutz & Barbara Smetschka & Nelson Grima, 2017. "Farmer Cooperation as a Means for Creating Local Food Systems—Potentials and Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Henri L. F. De Groot & Gert‐Jan Linders & Piet Rietveld & Uma Subramanian, 2004. "The Institutional Determinants of Bilateral Trade Patterns," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(1), pages 103-123, February.
    4. Soloaga, Isidro & Alan Wintersb, L., 2001. "Regionalism in the nineties: what effect on trade?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 1-29, March.
    5. Clive T., Rod Edwards Samimi, 1997. "Japanese Interfirm Networks: Exploring the Seminal Sources of their Success," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(4), pages 489-510, July.
    6. James E. Anderson & Eric van Wincoop, 2003. "Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(1), pages 170-192, March.
    7. Odd Jarl Borch & Michael B. Arthur, 1995. "Strategic Networks Among Small Firms: Implications For Strategy Research Methodology," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 419-441, July.
    8. Alessandro Ruggieri & Alessio Maria Braccini & Stefano Poponi & Enrico Maria Mosconi, 2016. "A Meta-Model of Inter-Organisational Cooperation for the Transition to a Circular Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-17, November.
    9. Huang, Yiping, 2016. "Understanding China's Belt & Road Initiative: Motivation, framework and assessment," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 314-321.
    10. repec:adr:anecst:y:2010:i:97-98:p:03 is not listed on IDEAS
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lili Kang & Fei Peng & Yu Zhu & An Pan, 2018. "Harmony in Diversity: Can the One Belt One Road Initiative Promote China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-28, September.
    2. Liusuo Hu & Jian Hu & Weilung Huang, 2023. "Evolutionary Analysis of the Solar Photovoltaic Products Trade Network in Belt and Road Initiative Countries from an Economic Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-30, September.
    3. Zhiheng Wu & Guisheng Hou & Baogui Xin, 2020. "Has the Belt and Road Initiative Brought New Opportunities to Countries Along the Routes to Participate in Global Value Chains?," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(1), pages 21582440209, January.
    4. Yue Pu & Yunting Li & Jinjin Zhang, 2023. "Features and evolution of the ‘Belt and Road’ regional value chain: Complex network analysis," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(7), pages 2134-2156, July.
    5. Fei Peng & Lili Kang & Taoxiong Liu & Jia Cheng & Luxiao Ren, 2020. "Trade Agreements and Global Value Chains: New Evidence from China’s Belt and Road Initiative," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-24, February.
    6. Qiaowen Zhang & Benjamin Batinge, 2021. "A social network analysis of the structure and evolution of intra‐African trade," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(1), pages 204-217, March.
    7. Zhao, Yujia & Shuai, Jing & Shi, Yin & Lu, Yang & Zhang, Zumeng, 2022. "Exploring the co-opetition mechanism of renewable energy trade between China and the “Belt and Road” countries: A dynamic game approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 998-1008.
    8. Yujing Wang & Fu Ren & Ruoxin Zhu & Qingyun Du, 2020. "An Exploratory Analysis of Networked and Spatial Characteristics of International Natural Resource Trades (2000–2016)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-34, September.
    9. Changping Zhao & Yecheng Wang & Tianxiang Zhang & Qingbo Huang & Yu Gong, 2019. "The Game Simulation of “The Belt and Road” Economic and Trade Network Based on the Asymmetric QRE Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-17, June.
    10. Li, Fangmin & Yang, Tianle & Du, Min & Huang, Miao, 2023. "The development fit index of digital currency electronic payment between China and the one belt one road countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    11. Jie Yin & Yahua Bi & Yingchao Ji, 2020. "Structure and Formation Mechanism of China-ASEAN Tourism Cooperation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-19, July.
    12. Danny Chi Kuen Ho & Eve Man Hin Chan & Tsz Leung Yip & Chi-Wing Tsang, 2020. "The United States’ Clothing Imports from Asian Countries along the Belt and Road: An Extended Gravity Trade Model with Application of Artificial Neural Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-15, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fetzer, James J. & Rivera, Sandra A., 2005. "Modeling Modifications in Rules of Origin: A Partial Equilibrium Approach," Conference papers 331372, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    2. Anna Golovko & Hasan Sahin, 2021. "Analysis of international trade integration of Eurasian countries: gravity model approach," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 11(3), pages 519-548, September.
    3. Bayarmaa Ganbaatar & Juan Huang & Chuanmin Shuai & Asad Nawaz & Madad Ali, 2021. "Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting the Bilateral Trade between Mongolia and China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Getachew Magnar Kitila & Fuzhong Chen, 2021. "Multilateral Trade Resistance, International Competitiveness and African International Exports: A Network Perspective," International Journal of Science and Business, IJSAB International, vol. 5(10), pages 111-126.
    5. Liu, Ailan & Lu, Cuicui & Wang, Zhixuan, 2020. "The roles of cultural and institutional distance in international trade: Evidence from China's trade with the Belt and Road countries," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    6. Mariya Aleksynska & Giovanni Peri, 2014. "Isolating the Network Effect of Immigrants on Trade," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(3), pages 434-455, March.
    7. Anthony Briant & Pierre-Philippe Combes & Miren Lafourcade, 2014. "Product Complexity, Quality of Institutions and the Protrade Effect of Immigrants," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 63-85, January.
    8. Hylke Vandenbussche & William Connell & Wouter Simons, 2022. "Global value chains, trade shocks and jobs: An application to Brexit," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(8), pages 2338-2369, August.
    9. Michele FRATIANNI & Chang HOON HO, 2007. "On the Relationship Between RTA Expansion and Openness," Working Papers 288, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.
    10. Banri Ito & Katsunori Shirai, 2023. "Patent law harmonization and international trade," International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 289-306, February.
    11. Salvador Gil & Rafael Llorca & J. Antonio Martínez‐Serrano, 2008. "Assessing the Enlargement and Deepening of the European Union," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(9), pages 1253-1272, September.
    12. Álvarez, Inmaculada C. & Barbero, Javier & Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés & Zofío, José L., 2018. "Does Institutional Quality Matter for Trade? Institutional Conditions in a Sectoral Trade Framework," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 72-87.
    13. Mireille NTSAMA ETOUNDI, 2014. "Impact de la rente pétrolière sur la demande des pays frontaliers du Cameroun," Working Papers 201417, CERDI.
    14. Luigi Guiso & Paola Sapienza & Luigi Zingales, 2009. "Cultural Biases in Economic Exchange?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 124(3), pages 1095-1131.
    15. Mr. Enzo Croce & Mr. V. Hugo Juan-Ramon & Mr. Feng Zhu, 2004. "Performance of Western Hemisphere Trading Blocs: A Cost-Corrected Gravity Approach," IMF Working Papers 2004/109, International Monetary Fund.
    16. Zakariae Elattar & Mingque Ye, 2023. "The Role and Impact of Institutional Distance on China’s Export Trade with Countries in Africa and Asia," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(8), pages 1-96, August.
    17. Mr. Rikhil Bhavnani & Ms. Natalia T. Tamirisa & Mr. Arvind Subramanian & Mr. David T. Coe, 2002. "The Missing Globalization Puzzle," IMF Working Papers 2002/171, International Monetary Fund.
    18. Do, Quy-Toan & Levchenko, Andrei A., 2007. "Comparative advantage, demand for external finance, and financial development," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(3), pages 796-834, December.
    19. Cardamone, Paola, 2007. "A Survey of the Assessments of the Effectiveness of Preferential Trade Agreements using Gravity Models," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 60(4), pages 421-473.
    20. Claudio E. Montenegro & Mariana Pereira & Isidro Soloaga, 2011. "El efecto de China en el comercio internacional de América Latina," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 38(2 Year 20), pages 341-368, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:1439-:d:144751. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.