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The Effects of COVID-19 on Family Climate: A Fuzzy Clustering Approach to Examine Spanish Households

Author

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  • Juan Carlos Martín-Quintana

    (Department of Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35004 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

  • Juan Carlos Martín

    (Institute of Tourism and Economic Sustainable Development, Department of Applied Economic Analysis, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

  • Pedro F. Alemán

    (Department of Psychology, Sociology and Social Work, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35004 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

Abstract

Spain was one of the countries in which more severe lockdown policies were imposed during the second term of 2020 to mitigate the unprecedented health crisis. The measures restricted citizens’ mobility, obliging families to stay confined at homes for 99 days since 15 March 2020. The measures created a number of challenges that affect the family climate. This paper aims to empirically analyse how the family climate in Spain has been affected by COVID-19. The family climate assessment was based on an online questionnaire answered by 2034 citizens. A multi-criteria decision-making method rooted in fuzzy logic and TOPSIS, and a fuzzy clustering method, are applied to analyse the effects of the COVID-19 on the family climate. The fuzzy clustering method reveals that there are three different family climate profiles, namely (1) extreme positive, (2) extreme negative, and (3) intermediate. Our results show that some traits affect having a more or less positive family climate. The authors discuss the main contributions and the policy implications that could provide insights into future measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Carlos Martín-Quintana & Juan Carlos Martín & Pedro F. Alemán, 2022. "The Effects of COVID-19 on Family Climate: A Fuzzy Clustering Approach to Examine Spanish Households," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:11:y:2022:i:6:p:239-:d:826166
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Milla Salin & Anniina Kaittila & Mia Hakovirta & Mari Anttila, 2020. "Family Coping Strategies During Finland’s COVID-19 Lockdown," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Martin, Juan Carlos & Román, Concepción & Moreira, Pedro & Moreno, Roberto & Oyarce, Fernando, 2021. "Does the access transport mode affect visitors' satisfaction in a World Heritage City? The case of Valparaiso, Chile," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    4. Caitlyn Collins & Liana Christin Landivar & Leah Ruppanner & William J. Scarborough, 2021. "COVID‐19 and the gender gap in work hours," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(S1), pages 101-112, January.
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