IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v11y2022i10p1717-d933234.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Time Allocation and the Activity-Space-Based Segregation of Different Income Groups: A Case Study of Nanjing

Author

Listed:
  • Hui Wang

    (College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Mei-Po Kwan

    (Department of Geography and Resource Management, Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China)

  • Mingxing Hu

    (School of Architecture, Si Pailou Campus, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

  • Junheng Qi

    (School of Architecture, Si Pailou Campus, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

  • Jiemin Zheng

    (School of Architecture, Si Pailou Campus, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

  • Bin Han

    (School of Architecture, Si Pailou Campus, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

Abstract

Time allocation is closely related to life quality and is a potential indicator of urban space utilization and sociospatial differentiation. However, existing time allocation studies focus on how time is allocated to various activities but pay less attention to where individuals allocate their time. In the context of China’s transformation, this study examines the differences in time allocation in different urban spaces between low- and non-low-income groups based on two methods, descriptive statistics and social area analysis. The results show that low-income participants’ daily activities (especially work) are highly dependent on the central city area. However, they are at a disadvantage in accessing the central city area. Nevertheless, non-low-income individuals have diversified activity spaces and can better choose locations according to the purpose of activities and make fuller use of various types of urban areas. This study indicates that there are social differences in time allocation and urban space utilization among different income groups. The results obtained with regression models reveal that in addition to income, activity characteristics and built environment characteristics are significant factors affecting the differences. Social policies should support the equitable distribution of urban resources for different social groups, especially for vulnerable groups who live in affordable housing.

Suggested Citation

  • Hui Wang & Mei-Po Kwan & Mingxing Hu & Junheng Qi & Jiemin Zheng & Bin Han, 2022. "Time Allocation and the Activity-Space-Based Segregation of Different Income Groups: A Case Study of Nanjing," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:10:p:1717-:d:933234
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/10/1717/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/10/1717/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hui Wang & Mei‐Po Kwan & Mingxing Hu, 2020. "Usage of Urban Space and Sociospatial Differentiation of Income Groups: A Case Study of Nanjing, China," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 111(4), pages 616-633, September.
    2. Wang, Donggen & Cao, Xinyu, 2017. "Impacts of the built environment on activity-travel behavior: Are there differences between public and private housing residents in Hong Kong?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 25-35.
    3. Nie, Peng & Sousa-Poza, Alfonso, 2018. "Commute time and subjective well-being in urban China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 188-204.
    4. Junghwan Kim & Mei-Po Kwan, 2018. "Beyond Commuting: Ignoring Individuals’ Activity-Travel Patterns May Lead to Inaccurate Assessments of Their Exposure to Traffic Congestion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    5. David Wong & Shih-Lung Shaw, 2011. "Measuring segregation: an activity space approach," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 13(2), pages 127-145, June.
    6. Chandra Bhat & Rajul Misra, 1999. "Discretionary activity time allocation of individuals between in-home and out-of-home and between weekdays and weekends," Transportation, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 193-229, May.
    7. David Levinson & Ajay Kumar, 1995. "Activity, Travel, and the Allocation of Time," Working Papers 199505, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhi Qiu & Bo Jin & Binwei Yun & Zhu Wang & Xincheng Pu, 2025. "Potential Assessment and Community Environment Support Strategies for Social Interaction, Based on the Spatiotemporal Behavior of Accompanying Elderly Migrants: A Case Study in Hangzhou," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Xue Zhang & Yifan Tang & Yanwei Chai, 2023. "Spatiotemporal-Behavior-Based Microsegregation and Differentiated Community Ties of Residents with Different Types of Housing in Mixed-Housing Neighborhoods: A Case Study of Fuzhou, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-23, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Duan, Zhengyu & Zhao, Haoran & Li, Zhenming, 2023. "Non-linear effects of built environment and socio-demographics on activity space," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    2. Ho, Chinh Q. & Mulley, Corinne, 2013. "Multiple purposes at single destination: A key to a better understanding of the relationship between tour complexity and mode choice," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 206-219.
    3. Ram Pendyala & Chandra Bhat, 2004. "An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities," Transportation, Springer, vol. 31(4), pages 429-456, November.
    4. Hui Wang & Mei‐Po Kwan & Mingxing Hu, 2020. "Usage of Urban Space and Sociospatial Differentiation of Income Groups: A Case Study of Nanjing, China," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 111(4), pages 616-633, September.
    5. Khandker Habib, 2011. "A random utility maximization (RUM) based dynamic activity scheduling model: Application in weekend activity scheduling," Transportation, Springer, vol. 38(1), pages 123-151, January.
    6. Golob, Thomas F., 2002. "travelbehavior.com - Activity Approaches to Modeling the Effects of Information Technology on Personal Travel Behavior," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt9t40s1mc, University of California Transportation Center.
    7. Stefan P.T. Groot & Henri L.F. de Groot & Paolo Veneri, 2012. "The Educational Bias in Commuting Patterns: Micro-Evidence for the Netherlands," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 12-080/3, Tinbergen Institute.
    8. Zhou Hui-fen & Li Zhen-shan & Xue Dong-qian & Lei Yang, 2012. "Time Use Patterns Between Maintenance, Subsistence and Leisure Activities: A Case Study in China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 105(1), pages 121-136, January.
    9. Cynthia Chen & Hongmian Gong & Robert Paaswell, 2008. "Role of the built environment on mode choice decisions: additional evidence on the impact of density," Transportation, Springer, vol. 35(3), pages 285-299, May.
    10. Nijkamp, Peter & Poot, Jacques, 2015. "Cultural Diversity: A Matter of Measurement," IZA Discussion Papers 8782, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Vytautas Dumbliauskas & Vytautas Grigonis, 2020. "An Empirical Activity Sequence Approach for Travel Behavior Analysis in Vilnius City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-22, January.
    12. Longden, Thomas, 2016. "The Regularity and Irregularity of Travel: an Analysis of the Consistency of Travel Times Associated with Subsistence, Maintenance and Discretionary Activities," ET: Economic Theory 243150, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
    13. Marcela Munizaga & Sergio Jara-Díaz & Paulina Greeven & Chandra Bhat, 2008. "Econometric Calibration of the Joint Time Assignment--Mode Choice Model," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 42(2), pages 208-219, May.
    14. Yves Crozet & Iragaël Joly, 2004. "Travel Time Budgets: Facing the paradoxical management of the "scarcest good" [Budgets temps de transport : les sociétés tertiaires confrontées à la gestion paradoxale du " bien le p," Post-Print halshs-00068933, HAL.
    15. Toger, Marina & Türk, Umut & Östh, John & Kourtit, Karima & Nijkamp, Peter, 2023. "Inequality in leisure mobility: An analysis of activity space segregation spectra in the Stockholm conurbation," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    16. Tao, Yinhua & van Ham, Maarten & Petrović, Ana & Ta, Na, 2023. "A household perspective on the commuting paradox: Longitudinal relationships between commuting time and subjective wellbeing for couples in China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    17. Lin, Tao & Wang, Donggen, 2015. "Tradeoffs between in- and out-of-residential neighborhood locations for discretionary activities and time use: do social contexts matter?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 119-127.
    18. Umut Türk & John Östh, 2023. "Introducing a spatially explicit Gini measure for spatial segregation," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 469-488, October.
    19. Lucia Kvasková & Karel Rečka & Stanislav Ježek & Petr Macek, 2022. "Time Spent on Daily Activities and Its Association with Life Satisfaction among Czech Adolescents from 1992 to 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, August.
    20. Ao, Yibin & Zhang, Yuting & Wang, Yan & Chen, Yunfeng & Yang, Linchuan, 2020. "Influences of rural built environment on travel mode choice of rural residents: The case of rural Sichuan," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:10:p:1717-:d:933234. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.