IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i23p12550-d690276.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems: Environmental Exposure and Human Health Risks

Author

Listed:
  • Gaurav Jha

    (Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Vanaja Kankarla

    (Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Everald McLennon

    (Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Klamath Falls, OR 97603, USA)

  • Suman Pal

    (Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA)

  • Debjani Sihi

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA)

  • Biswanath Dari

    (Agricultural and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA)

  • Dawson Diaz

    (Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Mallika Nocco

    (Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent synthetic organic contaminants that can cause serious human health concerns such as obesity, liver damage, kidney cancer, hypertension, immunotoxicity and other human health issues. Integrated crop–livestock systems combine agricultural crop production with milk and/or meat production and processing. Key sources of PFAS in these systems include firefighting foams near military bases, wastewater sludge and industrial discharge. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances regularly move from soils to nearby surface water and/or groundwater because of their high mobility and persistence. Irrigating crops or managing livestock for milk and meat production using adjacent waters can be detrimental to human health. The presence of PFAS in both groundwater and milk have been reported in dairy production states (e.g., Wisconsin and New Mexico) across the United States. Although there is a limit of 70 parts per trillion of PFAS in drinking water by the U.S. EPA, there are not yet regional screening guidelines for conducting risk assessments of livestock watering as well as the soil and plant matrix. This systematic review includes (i) the sources, impacts and challenges of PFAS in integrated crop–livestock systems, (ii) safety measures and protocols for sampling soil, water and plants for determining PFAS concentration in exposed integrated crop–livestock systems and (iii) the assessment, measurement and evaluation of human health risks related to PFAS exposure.

Suggested Citation

  • Gaurav Jha & Vanaja Kankarla & Everald McLennon & Suman Pal & Debjani Sihi & Biswanath Dari & Dawson Diaz & Mallika Nocco, 2021. "Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems: Environmental Exposure and Human Health Risks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12550-:d:690276
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/23/12550/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/23/12550/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Evan J. Ringquist, 2005. "Assessing evidence of environmental inequities: A meta-analysis," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(2), pages 223-247.
    2. Zhenni Xing & Jianjiang Lu & Zilong Liu & Shanman Li & Gehui Wang & Xiaolong Wang, 2016. "Occurrence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Milk and Yogurt and Their Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, October.
    3. Dobbin, Kristin B. & Fencl, Amanda L., 2021. "Institutional diversity and safe drinking water provision in the United States," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    4. Gochfeld, M. & Burger, J., 2011. "Disproportionate exposures in environmental justice and other populations: The importance of outliers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 101(SUPPL. 1), pages 53-63.
    5. Spencer Banzhaf & Lala Ma & Christopher Timmins, 2019. "Environmental Justice: The Economics of Race, Place, and Pollution," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 33(1), pages 185-208, Winter.
    6. Jurgen Buekers & Ann Colles & Christa Cornelis & Bert Morrens & Eva Govarts & Greet Schoeters, 2018. "Socio-Economic Status and Health: Evaluation of Human Biomonitored Chemical Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances across Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-17, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cristina Marcillo & Leigh-Anne Krometis & Justin Krometis, 2021. "Approximating Community Water System Service Areas to Explore the Demographics of SDWA Compliance in Virginia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Chakraborti, Lopamudra & Shimshack, Jay P., 2022. "Environmental disparities in urban Mexico: Evidence from toxic water pollution," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    3. Danae Hernandez-Cortes & Kyle C. Meng, 2020. "Do Environmental Markets Cause Environmental Injustice? Evidence from California's Carbon Market," NBER Working Papers 27205, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Hernandez-Cortes, Danae & Meng, Kyle C., 2023. "Do environmental markets cause environmental injustice? Evidence from California’s carbon market," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    5. David M. Konisky & Sanya Carley, 2021. "What We Can Learn From The Green New Deal About The Importance Of Equity In National Climate Policy," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(3), pages 996-1002, June.
    6. Hausman, Catherine & Stolper, Samuel, 2021. "Inequality, information failures, and air pollution," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    7. Vincent Cheruiyot Kirui1 & Dr. Paul Kipyegon Sang, 2020. "The Quest for Socioeconomic Development in Kenya: A Review of the Impact of Public Infrastructure on the Voyage," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 4(11), pages 145-158, November.
    8. Wang Chang & Yun Zhu & Che-Jen Lin & Saravanan Arunachalam & Shuxiao Wang & Jia Xing & Tingting Fang & Shicheng Long & Jinying Li & Geng Chen, 2022. "Environmental Justice Assessment of Fine Particles, Ozone, and Mercury over the Pearl River Delta Region, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-15, August.
    9. Liotta,Charlotte & Avner,Paolo & Viguié,Vincent & Selod,Harris & Hallegatte,Stephane, 2022. "Climate Policy and Inequality in Urban Areas : Beyond Incomes," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10185, The World Bank.
    10. Harleman, Max & Weber, Jeremy G., 2023. "Can Collective Action Institutions Outperform the State? Evidence from Treatment of Abandoned Mine Drainage," MPRA Paper 119861, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Can Zou & Jun Tai & Li Chen & Yue Che, 2020. "An Environmental Justice Assessment of the Waste Treatment Facilities in Shanghai: Incorporating Counterfactual Decomposition into the Hedonic Price Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-12, April.
    12. Anne Christine Lusk & Xin Li & Qiming Liu, 2023. "If the Government Pays for Full Home-Charger Installation, Would Affordable-Housing and Middle-Income Residents Buy Electric Vehicles?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-26, March.
    13. H. Spencer Banzhaf & Kyle Mangum, 2019. "Capitalization as a Two-Part Tariff: The Role of Zoning," NBER Working Papers 25699, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Collins, Timothy W. & Nadybal, Shawna & Grineski, Sara E., 2020. "Sonic injustice: Disparate residential exposures to transport noise from road and aviation sources in the continental United States," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    15. Jerch, Rhiannon & Kahn, Matthew E. & Lin, Gary C., 2023. "Local public finance dynamics and hurricane shocks," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    16. Zhaohua Zhang & Derrick Robinson & Diane Hite, 2018. "Racial Residential Segregation: Measuring Location Choice Attributes of Environmental Quality and Self-Segregation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, April.
    17. Danae Hernandez-Cortes & Kyle C. Meng & Paige Weber, 2022. "Decomposing Trends in US Air Pollution Disparities from Electricity," NBER Chapters, in: Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy, volume 4, pages 91-124, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    18. Jamie Mullins & Corey White, 2019. "Does Access to Health Care Mitigate Environmental Damages?," Working Papers 1905, California Polytechnic State University, Department of Economics.
    19. Baryshnikova, Nadezhda V., 2010. "Pollution abatement and environmental equity: A dynamic study," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 183-190, September.
    20. Vajjhala, Shalini & Van Epps, Amanda & Szambelan, Sarah, 2008. "Integrating EJ into Federal Policies and Programs: Examining the Role of Regulatory Impact Analyses and Environmental Impact Statements," RFF Working Paper Series dp-08-45, Resources for the Future.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12550-:d:690276. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.