IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v13y2016i10p1037-d81146.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Occurrence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Milk and Yogurt and Their Risk Assessment

Author

Listed:
  • Zhenni Xing

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Jianjiang Lu

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Zilong Liu

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Shanman Li

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Gehui Wang

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

  • Xiaolong Wang

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China)

Abstract

Although perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been identified in milk and dairy products in many regions, knowledge on their occurrence in Xinjiang (China) is rare. This study was conducted to measure the levels of PFOA and PFOS in milk and yogurt from Xinjiang and to investigate the average daily intake (ADI) of these two compounds. PFOA and PFOS levels were analyzed using ultrasonic extraction with methanol and solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Retail milk and yogurt samples present higher detection rates (39.6% and 48.1%) and mean concentrations (24.5 and 31.8 ng/L) of PFOS than those of PFOA (33.0% and 37.0%; 16.2 and 22.6 ng/L, respectively). For raw milk samples, only PFOS was detected. The differences in the levels of the two compounds between samples from the north and south regions were observed, and northern regions showed higher pollution levels than southern regions. On the basis of the retail milk measurements and consumption data, the ADIs of PFOA and PFOS for Xinjiang adults were calculated to be 0.0211 and 0.0318 ng/kg/day, respectively. Furthermore, the estimated intakes of PFOA and PFOS varied among different groupings (age, area, gender, and race) and increased with increasing age. Relevant hazard ratios were found to be far less than 1.0, and this finding suggested that no imminent health damages were produced by PFOA and PFOS intake via milk and yogurt consumption in the Xinjiang population.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhenni Xing & Jianjiang Lu & Zilong Liu & Shanman Li & Gehui Wang & Xiaolong Wang, 2016. "Occurrence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Milk and Yogurt and Their Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:10:p:1037-:d:81146
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/10/1037/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/10/1037/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maria Grazia Porpora & Renato Lucchini & Annalisa Abballe & Anna Maria Ingelido & Silvia Valentini & Eliana Fuggetta & Veronica Cardi & Adele Ticino & Valentina Marra & Anna Rita Fulgenzi & Elena De F, 2013. "Placental Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Preliminary Study on Mother-Newborn Pairs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Jillian Ashley-Martin & Linda Dodds & Tye E. Arbuckle & Anne-Sophie Morisset & Mandy Fisher & Maryse F. Bouchard & Gabriel D. Shapiro & Adrienne S. Ettinger & Patricia Monnier & Renee Dallaire & Shayn, 2016. "Maternal and Neonatal Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Relation to Gestational Weight Gain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Gehui Wang & Jianjiang Lu & Zhenni Xing & Shanman Li & Zilong Liu & Yanbin Tong, 2017. "Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Muscle and Liver of Cattle in Xinjiang, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Gaurav Jha & Vanaja Kankarla & Everald McLennon & Suman Pal & Debjani Sihi & Biswanath Dari & Dawson Diaz & Mallika Nocco, 2021. "Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems: Environmental Exposure and Human Health Risks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-20, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gehui Wang & Jianjiang Lu & Zhenni Xing & Shanman Li & Zilong Liu & Yanbin Tong, 2017. "Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Muscle and Liver of Cattle in Xinjiang, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Yuhui Jiang & Yixuan Shang & Shuyao Yu & Jianguo Liu, 2018. "Dechlorination of Hexachlorobenzene in Contaminated Soils Using a Nanometallic Al/CaO Dispersion Mixture: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Lindsay M. Jaacks & Dana Boyd Barr & Rajeshwari Sundaram & Jagteshwar Grewal & Cuilin Zhang & Germaine M. Buck Louis, 2016. "Pre-Pregnancy Maternal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Gestational Weight Gain: A Prospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-12, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:10:p:1037-:d:81146. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.