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Dechlorination of Hexachlorobenzene in Contaminated Soils Using a Nanometallic Al/CaO Dispersion Mixture: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology

Author

Listed:
  • Yuhui Jiang

    (Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Yixuan Shang

    (Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Shuyao Yu

    (Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Jianguo Liu

    (Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) contamination of soils remains a significant environmental challenge all over the world. Reductive stabilization is a developing technology that can decompose the HCB with a dechlorination process. A nanometallic Al/CaO (n-Al/CaO) dispersion mixture was developed utilizing ball-milling technology in this study. The dechlorination efficiency of HCB in contaminated soils by the n-Al/CaO grinding treatment was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of three variables (soil moisture content, n-Al/CaO dosage and grinding time) and the interactions between these variables under the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). A high regression coefficient value ( R 2 = 0.9807) and low p value (<0.0001) of the quadratic model indicated that the model was accurate in predicting the experimental results. The optimal soil moisture content, n-Al/CaO dosage, and grinding time were found to be 7% (m/m), 17.7% (m/m), and 24 h, respectively, in the experimental ranges and levels. Under optimal conditions, the dechlorination efficiency was 80%. The intermediate product analysis indicated that dechlorination was the process by stepwise loss of chloride atoms. The main pathway observed within 24 h was HCB → pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) → 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB) and 1,2,4,5-TeCB. The results indicated that the moderate soil moisture content was crucial for the hydrodechlorination of HCB. A probable mechanism was proposed wherein water acted like a hydrogen donor and promoted the hydrodechlorination process. The potential application of n-Al/CaO is an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective option for decontamination of HCB-contaminated soils.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuhui Jiang & Yixuan Shang & Shuyao Yu & Jianguo Liu, 2018. "Dechlorination of Hexachlorobenzene in Contaminated Soils Using a Nanometallic Al/CaO Dispersion Mixture: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:5:p:872-:d:143544
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lijun Wang & Shengwei Zhang & Li Wang & Wenjuan Zhang & Xingmin Shi & Xinwei Lu & Xiaoping Li & Xiaoyun Li, 2018. "Concentration and Risk Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Soil in the Typical Semi-Arid City of Xi’an in Northwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Maria Grazia Porpora & Renato Lucchini & Annalisa Abballe & Anna Maria Ingelido & Silvia Valentini & Eliana Fuggetta & Veronica Cardi & Adele Ticino & Valentina Marra & Anna Rita Fulgenzi & Elena De F, 2013. "Placental Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Preliminary Study on Mother-Newborn Pairs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-13, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jorge Paz-Ferreiro & Gabriel Gascó & Ana Méndez & Suzie M. Reichman, 2018. "Soil Pollution and Remediation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-3, August.

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