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Heat Transfer Enhancement in Heat Exchangers by Longitudinal Vortex Generators: A Review of Numerical and Experimental Approaches

Author

Listed:
  • Yidie Luo

    (School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Gongli Li

    (School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Nick S. Bennett

    (School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Zhen Luo

    (School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Adnan Munir

    (School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia)

  • Mohammad S. Islam

    (School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

Heat exchangers are critical components in various industrial applications, requiring efficient thermal management to enhance thermal performance and energy efficiency. Longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) have emerged as a potent mechanism to enhance heat transfer within these devices. A precise knowledge of the thermal performance enhancement of HE through LVGs is missing in the literature. Therefore, this study aims to provide a critical review of both numerical simulations and experimental studies focusing on the enhancement of heat transfer through LVGs to further enhance the knowledge of the field. It begins with elucidating the fundamental principles behind LVGs and delineating their role in manipulating flow patterns to augment heat transfer. This is followed by an exploration of the various numerical methods employed in the field, including computational fluid dynamics techniques such as Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models, Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). Various experimental methods are then summarised, including differential pressure measuring instruments, temperature measurements, velocity measurements, heat transfer coefficient measurements, and flow visualisation techniques. The effectiveness of these methods in capturing the complex fluid dynamics and thermal characteristics induced by LVGs is critically assessed. The review covers a wide range of LVG configurations, including their geometry, placements, and orientations, and their effects on the thermal performance of heat exchangers. Different from previous reviews that mainly focus on classical configurations and historical studies, this review also emphasizes recent developments in computational fluid dynamics and progress in interdisciplinary fields such as innovative materials, additive manufacturing, surface finishing, and machine learning. By bridging the gap between fluid dynamics, thermal enhancement, and emerging manufacturing technologies, this paper provides a forward-looking, comprehensive analysis that is valuable for both academic and industrial innovations.

Suggested Citation

  • Yidie Luo & Gongli Li & Nick S. Bennett & Zhen Luo & Adnan Munir & Mohammad S. Islam, 2025. "Heat Transfer Enhancement in Heat Exchangers by Longitudinal Vortex Generators: A Review of Numerical and Experimental Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-49, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:11:p:2896-:d:1669717
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lotfi, Babak & Zeng, Min & Sundén, Bengt & Wang, Qiuwang, 2014. "3D numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics in smooth wavy fin-and-elliptical tube heat exchangers using new type vortex generators," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 233-257.
    2. Lotfi, Babak & Sundén, Bengt & Wang, Qiuwang, 2016. "An investigation of the thermo-hydraulic performance of the smooth wavy fin-and-elliptical tube heat exchangers utilizing new type vortex generators," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1282-1302.
    3. Zhao, X.B. & Tang, G.H. & Ma, X.W. & Jin, Y. & Tao, W.Q., 2014. "Numerical investigation of heat transfer and erosion characteristics for H-type finned oval tube with longitudinal vortex generators and dimples," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 93-104.
    4. Khoshvaght-Aliabadi, M. & Sartipzadeh, O. & Alizadeh, A., 2015. "An experimental study on vortex-generator insert with different arrangements of delta-winglets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 629-639.
    5. Lei Chai & Savvas A. Tassou, 2018. "A Review of Airside Heat Transfer Augmentation with Vortex Generators on Heat Transfer Surface," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-45, October.
    6. Tang, Song-Zhen & Wang, Fei-Long & He, Ya-Ling & Yu, Yang & Tong, Zi-Xiang, 2019. "Parametric optimization of H-type finned tube with longitudinal vortex generators by response surface model and genetic algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 908-918.
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    1. Zhihui Wang & Xuguang Yang & Xiaohua Gu & Yan Liu, 2025. "A Drag-Reduction Mechanism of Seagull-Inspired Curved Vortex Generators Integrating Response Surface Method and Genetic Algorithms Optimization in Compact Heat Exchangers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-24, August.

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