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Risk Assessment Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Development in the United States as an Ancillary Service

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  • Francisco Haces-Fernandez

    (College of Business Administration, Texas A&M University Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA)

Abstract

Promoting the accelerated adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in the United States (US) is one of the main strategies for reducing risk related to climate change. However, the lack of public charging stations (EVCSs) in the US has been identified as a grave obstacle to EV market penetration. The US Federal Government is providing extensive financial incentives to promote EVCSs. This allows diverse businesses to offer EV charging as an ancillary service, without the risks associated with traditional fuel facilities. Locations offering these novel services will reduce their financial operational risks, increase customer traffic and receive additional revenue. However, selecting unsuitable equipment for particular business segments and locations creates a severe risk of underuse and disrepair, leading to the potential failure of these new projects. Furthermore, these unsuccessful EVCSs exacerbate consumer reluctance to EV adoption and foster social opposition to this new technology. This study provides stakeholders with a framework for the optimal placement of EVCSs to maximize their successful deployment and incentivize continuous growth in the EV market. It identifies risk factors related to the placement and operation of EVCSs, aiding in optimal equipment selection for each location. Results from this study highlight EVCS location trends based on location and type of business, with the potential for some retrofitting projects. This framework provides relevant geospatial results for business owners, policy makers, consumers and other stakeholders in the adequacy of new charging infrastructure.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Haces-Fernandez, 2023. "Risk Assessment Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Development in the United States as an Ancillary Service," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:24:p:8035-:d:1299167
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francisco Haces-Fernandez, 2022. "Assessment of the Financial Benefits from Wind Farms in US Rural Locations," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Jenn, Alan & Azevedo, Inês L. & Ferreira, Pedro, 2013. "The impact of federal incentives on the adoption of hybrid electric vehicles in the United States," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 936-942.
    3. Zhang, Li & Shaffer, Brendan & Brown, Tim & Scott Samuelsen, G., 2015. "The optimization of DC fast charging deployment in California," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 111-122.
    4. Heidrich, Oliver & Hill, Graeme A. & Neaimeh, Myriam & Huebner, Yvonne & Blythe, Philip T. & Dawson, Richard J., 2017. "How do cities support electric vehicles and what difference does it make?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 17-23.
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    1. Minh Phuc Duong & My-Ha Le & Thang Trung Nguyen & Minh Quan Duong & Anh Tuan Doan, 2025. "Economic and Technical Aspects of Power Grids with Electric Vehicle Charge Stations, Sustainable Energies, and Compensators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-32, January.

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