IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i18p4923-d1750677.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Location of Charging Stations Considering Services and Power Losses: Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Cristian Giovanni Colombo

    (Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Carola Leone

    (Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Seyed Mahdi Miraftabzadeh

    (Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Nicoletta Matera

    (Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Michela Longo

    (Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy)

Abstract

The wide adoption of environmentally friendly solutions for transportation, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs), is crucial to reducing greenhouse gases and mitigate the effects of climate change. To meet the growing demand of EVs, enough Charging Stations (CSs) must be deployed. In this study, the Ultra-Fast Charging (UFC) technology is investigated, and a method is proposed to locate the minimum indispensable UFC infrastructure to enable a nationwide travel, considering both infrastructure costs and power losses. To address the location problem, first the average electric range of the EVs currently on the market is analyzed to estimate the maximum allowable distance between two consecutive CS. In the assessment of the driving range all the factors which influence the energy consumption are considered. The CSs are then located within the existing Service Areas (SAs) to save infrastructure costs while meeting the maximum distance constraint between charging stations. Then, a cost comparison is performed between the economic impact of power losses and the savings from reduced infrastructure costs. The methodology is applied to the Italian highway network. Results show that installing charging infrastructure within existing SAs is more cost-effective than placing them near Medium Voltage (MV) cabins.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristian Giovanni Colombo & Carola Leone & Seyed Mahdi Miraftabzadeh & Nicoletta Matera & Michela Longo, 2025. "Location of Charging Stations Considering Services and Power Losses: Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-25, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:18:p:4923-:d:1750677
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/18/4923/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/18/4923/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiaojian Hu & Nuo Chen & Nan Wu & Bicheng Yin, 2021. "The Potential Impacts of Electric Vehicles on Urban Air Quality in Shanghai City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Kuby, Michael & Lim, Seow, 2005. "The flow-refueling location problem for alternative-fuel vehicles," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 125-145, June.
    3. Milad Akbari & Morris Brenna & Michela Longo, 2018. "Optimal Locating of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations by Application of Genetic Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-14, April.
    4. Patrick Plötz & Simon Árpád Funke & Patrick Jochem, 2018. "Empirical Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Plug‐In Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 22(4), pages 773-784, August.
    5. Emilia M. Szumska & Rafał Jurecki, 2020. "The Effect of Aggressive Driving on Vehicle Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Wang, Yue & Shi, Jianmai & Wang, Rui & Liu, Zhong & Wang, Ling, 2018. "Siting and sizing of fast charging stations in highway network with budget constraint," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1255-1271.
    7. Zhang, Li & Shaffer, Brendan & Brown, Tim & Scott Samuelsen, G., 2015. "The optimization of DC fast charging deployment in California," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 111-122.
    8. Cuiyu Kong & Raka Jovanovic & Islam Safak Bayram & Michael Devetsikiotis, 2017. "A Hierarchical Optimization Model for a Network of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    9. Antonio Colmenar-Santos & Carlos De Palacio & David Borge-Diez & Oscar Monzón-Alejandro, 2014. "Planning Minimum Interurban Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles: Methodology and Application to Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-23, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shafqat Jawad & Junyong Liu, 2020. "Electrical Vehicle Charging Services Planning and Operation with Interdependent Power Networks and Transportation Networks: A Review of the Current Scenario and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, July.
    2. Zhou, Guangyou & Zhu, Zhiwei & Luo, Sumei, 2022. "Location optimization of electric vehicle charging stations: Based on cost model and genetic algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    3. Wang, Yue & Shi, Jianmai & Wang, Rui & Liu, Zhong & Wang, Ling, 2018. "Siting and sizing of fast charging stations in highway network with budget constraint," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1255-1271.
    4. Yue Wang & Zhong Liu & Jianmai Shi & Guohua Wu & Rui Wang, 2018. "Joint Optimal Policy for Subsidy on Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure Construction in Highway Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-21, September.
    5. Wang, Hua & Zhao, De & Cai, Yutong & Meng, Qiang & Ong, Ghim Ping, 2021. "Taxi trajectory data based fast-charging facility planning for urban electric taxi systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    6. Bong-Gi Choi & Byeong-Chan Oh & Sungyun Choi & Sung-Yul Kim, 2020. "Selecting Locations of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on the Traffic Load Eliminating Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-20, April.
    7. Christos Karolemeas & Stefanos Tsigdinos & Panagiotis G. Tzouras & Alexandros Nikitas & Efthimios Bakogiannis, 2021. "Determining Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location Suitability: A Qualitative Study of Greek Stakeholders Employing Thematic Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, February.
    8. Xiangyu Luo & Rui Qiu, 2020. "Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location towards Sustainable Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-22, April.
    9. Graham Town & Seyedfoad Taghizadeh & Sara Deilami, 2022. "Review of Fast Charging for Electrified Transport: Demand, Technology, Systems, and Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-30, February.
    10. Cuiyu Kong & Raka Jovanovic & Islam Safak Bayram & Michael Devetsikiotis, 2017. "A Hierarchical Optimization Model for a Network of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    11. Mikołaj Schmidt & Paweł Zmuda-Trzebiatowski & Marcin Kiciński & Piotr Sawicki & Konrad Lasak, 2021. "Multiple-Criteria-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Design Problem," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-34, May.
    12. Golsefidi, Atefeh Hemmati & Hipolito, F. & Pereira, Francisco Câmara & Samaranayake, Samitha, 2025. "Incremental expansion of large scale fixed and mobile charging infrastructure in stochastic environments: A novel graph-based Benders decomposition approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 380(C).
    13. Ahmed Abdalrahman & Weihua Zhuang, 2017. "A Survey on PEV Charging Infrastructure: Impact Assessment and Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-25, October.
    14. Liu, Yuechen Sophia & Tayarani, Mohammad & You, Fengqi & Gao, H. Oliver, 2024. "Bayesian optimization for battery electric vehicle charging station placement by agent-based demand simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 375(C).
    15. Wei, Ran & Liu, Xiaoyue & Ou, Yi & Kiavash Fayyaz, S., 2018. "Optimizing the spatio-temporal deployment of battery electric bus system," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 160-168.
    16. Roel M. Post & Paul Buijs & Michiel A. J. uit het Broek & Jose A. Lopez Alvarez & Nick B. Szirbik & Iris F. A. Vis, 2018. "A solution approach for deriving alternative fuel station infrastructure requirements," Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, Springer, vol. 30(3), pages 592-607, September.
    17. Zhong, Qing & Tong, Daoqin, 2020. "Spatial layout optimization for solar photovoltaic (PV) panel installation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 1-11.
    18. Schulz, Arne & Boysen, Nils & Briskorn, Dirk, 2024. "Centrally-chosen versus user-selected swaps: How the selection of swapping stations impacts standby battery inventories," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 319(3), pages 726-738.
    19. Yang, Jun & Guo, Fang & Zhang, Min, 2017. "Optimal planning of swapping/charging station network with customer satisfaction," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 174-197.
    20. Neaimeh, Myriam & Salisbury, Shawn D. & Hill, Graeme A. & Blythe, Philip T. & Scoffield, Don R. & Francfort, James E., 2017. "Analysing the usage and evidencing the importance of fast chargers for the adoption of battery electric vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 474-486.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:18:p:4923-:d:1750677. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.