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Comparing Urban and Rural Household CO 2 Emissions—Case from China’s Four Megacities: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing

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  • Rui Huang

    (Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment for the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
    Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Shaohui Zhang

    (School of Economics & Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
    International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria)

  • Changxin Liu

    (Institutes of Science and Developments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

Abstract

CO 2 emissions caused by household consumption have become one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Studying household CO 2 emissions (HCEs) is of great significance to energy conservation and emissions reduction. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the direct and indirect CO 2 emissions by urban and rural households in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing. The results show that urban total HCEs are larger than rural total HCEs for the four megacities. Urban total per capita household CO 2 emissions (PHCEs) are larger than rural total PHCEs in Beijing, Tianjin, and Chongqing, while rural total PHCEs in Shanghai are larger than urban total PHCEs. Electricity and hot water production and supply was the largest contributor of indirect HCEs for both rural and urban households. Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing outsourced a large amount of indirect CO 2 emissions to their neighboring provinces.

Suggested Citation

  • Rui Huang & Shaohui Zhang & Changxin Liu, 2018. "Comparing Urban and Rural Household CO 2 Emissions—Case from China’s Four Megacities: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1257-:d:146326
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